本文關(guān)鍵詞： 采空區(qū) 地球物理方法 高密度電法 地震法 瞬變電磁法　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來隨著我國的經(jīng)濟(jì)飛速發(fā)展，各種礦石資源需求也隨之不斷加大，大量的礦產(chǎn)資源被挖掘，從而導(dǎo)致形成了大量的采空區(qū)。采空區(qū)的形成會(huì)導(dǎo)致地面出現(xiàn)塌陷、裂縫，破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境，給生產(chǎn)和生活帶來安全隱患，因此，對(duì)采空區(qū)的探測(cè)成為了重要的研究課題。 論文主要研究不同的地球物理方法在探測(cè)采空區(qū)中的應(yīng)用，在特定的地質(zhì)環(huán)境中確定不同物探方法的有效性。主要技術(shù)手段有高密度電阻率法、地震法、瞬變電磁法。電法是工程物探非常有效方便的手段之一，尤其是遇到需要較深探測(cè)標(biāo)的物的情況，傳統(tǒng)的電法一次布線只能測(cè)出有限個(gè)點(diǎn)的地電信息，而本文采用高密度電阻率法，其原理是人工提供穩(wěn)定的電流，使不同介質(zhì)產(chǎn)生電勢(shì)差，從而確定出視電阻率斷面圖。由于較傳統(tǒng)的電法多出多路電極轉(zhuǎn)換器，因此只需要一次布線就能得出較多個(gè)點(diǎn)的地點(diǎn)信息。地震法主要研究了采空區(qū)對(duì)反射波速度及頻散曲線的影響，通過分析數(shù)據(jù)并得出反射波速度時(shí)間曲線。瞬變電磁法使用ATEM設(shè)備對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)收集，對(duì)原始數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行噪聲濾波處理，抽道電壓、計(jì)算電阻率，繪制成直觀的結(jié)果圖件。 本次實(shí)驗(yàn)研究是在內(nèi)蒙古東升廟礦區(qū)進(jìn)行。分別布置了三條測(cè)線，每條測(cè)線采用不同的地球物理方法進(jìn)行探測(cè)。設(shè)備采用的是重慶地質(zhì)儀器廠的DUK-2高密度電法測(cè)量系統(tǒng)、DZQ48高分辨地震儀、ATEM電法測(cè)量系統(tǒng)。高密度電阻率法采用溫納四極裝置、120道電極，由于地勢(shì)起伏較大，在處理數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)對(duì)地形進(jìn)行了改正。地震法為了提高采集數(shù)據(jù)的精確性，采用了炸藥震源方式。瞬變電磁法采用了中心回線、重疊回線裝置對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)進(jìn)行了探測(cè)。在實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中，我們嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行有關(guān)技術(shù)規(guī)程，對(duì)野外資料進(jìn)行了認(rèn)真檢查，保證了原始數(shù)據(jù)的可靠性。在資料整理、分析和解析中，利用多種方法如反演方法、溫納裝置等對(duì)原始數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行精細(xì)處理，，獲得了能客觀反映探測(cè)區(qū)地質(zhì)特征的物性參數(shù)。通過對(duì)探測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的分析與解釋，并結(jié)合探測(cè)區(qū)內(nèi)已知地質(zhì)、鉆孔和采礦資料綜合對(duì)比分析，高密度電法、瞬變電磁法和地震方法均探測(cè)出地下采空區(qū)的賦存位置。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy, the demand for various mineral resources has increased, and a large number of mineral resources have been excavated. As a result, a large number of goaf has been formed. The formation of goaf will lead to ground collapse, cracks, damage to the ecological environment, production and life to bring security risks. The detection of goaf has become an important research topic. This paper mainly studies the application of different geophysical methods in the exploration of goaf and determines the validity of different geophysical methods in specific geological environment. The main technical means are high-density resistivity method and seismic method. Transient electromagnetic method. Electrical method is one of the very effective and convenient means of engineering geophysical exploration, especially when it is necessary to detect the subject matter deeply, the traditional electrical method can only measure the geoelectric information of a limited number of points at a time. The high density resistivity method is used in this paper. The principle of this method is to provide stable current manually and make different medium produce potential difference, so that the apparent resistivity profile can be determined. Because of the more multichannel electrode converters than the traditional electrical method, the method of high density resistivity is used in this paper. Therefore, the location information of more than one point can be obtained only once. Seismic method mainly studies the influence of goaf on the velocity and dispersion curve of reflected wave. The transient electromagnetic method uses ATEM equipment to collect the data, process the original data by noise filtering, pump the channel voltage and calculate the resistivity. Draw an intuitive result map. The experiment was carried out in Dongshenmiao mining area, Inner Mongolia. Each line is detected by different geophysical methods. The equipment is the DUK-2 high-density electrical measuring system (DZQ48) of Chongqing Geological instrument Factory. ATEM electrical measuring system. The high density resistivity method uses 120-channel electrode of Wenner quadrupole device, because of the large topography fluctuation. In order to improve the accuracy of data acquisition, the explosive source method is adopted in seismic method, and the center loop line is used in transient electromagnetic method. In the course of the experiment, we strictly carry out the relevant technical regulations and carefully check the field data to ensure the reliability of the original data. In the analysis and analysis, many methods such as inversion method, Winner device and so on are used to process the original data. The physical parameters which can objectively reflect the geological characteristics of the exploration area are obtained. Through the analysis and interpretation of the exploration data and combined with the comprehensive comparative analysis of the known geological, borehole and mining data in the exploration area, the high-density electrical method is used. Both transient electromagnetic method and seismic method can detect the occurrence of underground goaf.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P631

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