發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-03 20:18

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： MEMS技術(shù) 地震勘探 數(shù)字檢波器 delta-sigma AD轉(zhuǎn)換器 雙緩存SDRAM　出處：《重慶大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文是以MEMS技術(shù)傳感器為研究基礎(chǔ),依附于路基溶洞監(jiān)測(cè)工程,設(shè)計(jì)新型的精度更高的MEMS數(shù)字地震檢波器,來替代傳統(tǒng)模擬地震檢波器,打破國外技術(shù)的壟斷。本文詳細(xì)地調(diào)研了地震檢波器技術(shù)在國內(nèi)外的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀;簡(jiǎn)要分析了小型化數(shù)字化檢波器技術(shù)的指標(biāo)要求;對(duì)MEMS數(shù)字檢波器發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)以及傳統(tǒng)檢波器和數(shù)字檢波器的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)做了對(duì)比分析;同時(shí)對(duì)適用于路基橋梁等工程地下探測(cè)的MEMS數(shù)字地震檢波器系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了以下研究:①通過分析MEMS傳感器的工作原理及制作工藝研究,建立了其相應(yīng)的力學(xué)和電學(xué)模型,并對(duì)本項(xiàng)目中所用的MEMS傳感器進(jìn)行了后期調(diào)理電路的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)。②MEMS傳感器采集到的地震波初始信號(hào)仍然是模擬信號(hào),直接傳輸難以避免會(huì)摻雜許多噪聲干擾信號(hào)。為了增強(qiáng)采集信號(hào)的抗干擾能力,需要進(jìn)行快速數(shù)字化傳輸,本文設(shè)計(jì)了24位高精度delta-sigma AD轉(zhuǎn)換器原理圖及PCB板圖,并對(duì)AD采樣波特率進(jìn)行了可選擇化軟件控制。③探測(cè)地層越深,所采集的數(shù)據(jù)量就越大,為了能對(duì)地下更深層的地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行勘探檢測(cè),本項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)了512bit雙緩存SDRAM芯片,采用FPGA微控處理器進(jìn)行高速緩存及傳輸?shù)目刂�。④在完成整個(gè)硬件系統(tǒng)后,運(yùn)用了signal Tap II對(duì)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)器件的性能及工作準(zhǔn)確性進(jìn)行了仿真驗(yàn)證。⑤基于dot NET平臺(tái),建立了MEMS數(shù)字化檢波器相應(yīng)軟件之間的通信,并設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)單檢波器采集數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)、實(shí)時(shí)時(shí)域波形顯示及格式轉(zhuǎn)換的功能。⑥在MEMS數(shù)字地震檢波器系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)穩(wěn)定后,為了驗(yàn)證檢波器在復(fù)雜環(huán)境下的采集效果,在野外進(jìn)行了實(shí)地檢測(cè)試驗(yàn),并對(duì)采集數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行時(shí)頻特性、噪聲干擾等性能分析研究,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,本文設(shè)計(jì)的數(shù)字檢波器能夠勝任野外地震勘探的要求。本文設(shè)計(jì)的檢波器在保證其測(cè)量精度下,主要在檢波器小型化,數(shù)字化傳輸上取得了突破,該研究成果將為國內(nèi)檢波器向數(shù)字化發(fā)展起到推動(dòng)作用。
[Abstract]:This paper is based on the MEMS technology sensor, attached to the subgrade cave monitoring project, designed a new type of higher precision MEMS digital seismograph to replace the traditional analog seismic geophone. To break the monopoly of foreign technology, this paper investigates the development of geophone technology at home and abroad in detail; The index requirements of miniaturized digital geophone are briefly analyzed. The development trend of MEMS digital geophone and the advantages and disadvantages of traditional geophone and digital detector are compared and analyzed. At the same time, the MEMS digital seismic geophone system suitable for subgrade bridge and other underground detection is studied as follows: 1 through analyzing the working principle and manufacturing technology of MEMS sensor. The corresponding mechanical and electrical models are established. And the design and implementation of the MEMS sensor used in this project in the later stage of conditioning circuit design and implementation. The initial signal of seismic wave collected by the 0.2 MEMS sensor is still analog signal. Direct transmission is difficult to avoid a lot of noise interference signals. In order to enhance the anti-jamming ability of the collected signals, fast digital transmission is needed. In this paper, a 24-bit high-precision delta-sigma AD converter schematic diagram and PCB board diagram are designed, and the selective software for AD sampling baud rate is used to control the depth of the formation. 3. In order to detect the deeper underground geological structure, a 512bit dual-buffer SDRAM chip is designed. The FPGA microprocessor is used for cache and transmission control. 4. After the completion of the whole hardware system. Signal Tap II is used to verify the performance and accuracy of the system design device. 5. 5 is based on dot NET platform. The communication between the corresponding software of MEMS digital geophone is established, and the data storage of single geophone is designed and realized. Real-time time Domain Waveform display and format conversion function .6 after the design of MEMS digital seismograph system is stable, in order to verify the acquisition effect of the detector in complex environment, field testing experiments are carried out in the field. The time-frequency characteristics and noise interference of the collected data are analyzed and studied. The experimental results show that. The digital geophone designed in this paper can meet the requirements of field seismic exploration. The geophone designed in this paper has achieved a breakthrough in the miniaturization of geophone and digital transmission in order to ensure its measuring accuracy. The research results will promote the digital development of domestic geophone.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P631.436

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