【摘要】：隨著科技的不斷發(fā)展,現(xiàn)代社會(huì)對(duì)測(cè)距精度的要求越來越高,人們不斷更新著測(cè)量的方法。本文研究的是基于FPGA的激光測(cè)距系統(tǒng),激光測(cè)距是在激光技術(shù)不斷發(fā)展的過程中產(chǎn)生的一種精密的測(cè)量技術(shù),在軍事上和民用上都得到有效地應(yīng)用。本文研究了兩種常用的激光測(cè)距的方法,脈沖激光測(cè)距和相位激光測(cè)距,通過比較各自的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)后,選擇了脈沖式激光測(cè)距。在詳細(xì)介紹了脈沖激光測(cè)距的基本原理后,把整個(gè)測(cè)距系統(tǒng)分成了發(fā)射模塊、接收模塊和信號(hào)數(shù)據(jù)處理模塊三部分,然后對(duì)各個(gè)模塊進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)分析。首先,在發(fā)射模塊中,由FPGA內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生激勵(lì)信號(hào),激勵(lì)驅(qū)動(dòng)器驅(qū)動(dòng)激光發(fā)射器發(fā)射激光。課題選用了專為激光測(cè)距應(yīng)用開發(fā)的SPLLL系列激光發(fā)射器,EL7104作為SPLLL90的驅(qū)動(dòng)芯片。其次,在接收模塊中,研究了幾種光電轉(zhuǎn)換器件,分析了他們的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)后,選擇了具有低噪聲優(yōu)勢(shì)的PIN型光電二極管,又設(shè)計(jì)了前置放大電路進(jìn)行噪聲的濾除和主放大電路進(jìn)行二次放大,再通過高速電壓比較器得到計(jì)數(shù)器的終止信號(hào)。最后,在信號(hào)數(shù)據(jù)處理模塊中,分析了時(shí)間間隔測(cè)量的誤差來源,詳細(xì)介紹了幾種減少時(shí)間間隔測(cè)量誤差的算法,結(jié)合系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際需求,采用以FPGA為核心的時(shí)間間隔測(cè)量的平臺(tái),利用延遲線內(nèi)插法對(duì)時(shí)間進(jìn)行測(cè)量。本文主要是對(duì)脈沖激光測(cè)距系統(tǒng)的信號(hào)數(shù)據(jù)處理單元進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析,采用FPGA中的鎖相環(huán)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘的倍頻,提高測(cè)量的精度。在完成整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的工作流程和各個(gè)模塊的設(shè)計(jì)后,又對(duì)各個(gè)模塊進(jìn)行仿真測(cè)試,檢測(cè)各個(gè)模塊的性能,得到相關(guān)的測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù),實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明達(dá)到了預(yù)期的要求。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of science and technology, the requirements of ranging accuracy are getting higher and higher in modern society, and people are constantly updating the measurement methods. In this paper, the laser ranging system based on FPGA is studied. Laser ranging is a precise measurement technology produced in the process of the continuous development of laser technology, which has been effectively applied in both military and civil applications. In this paper, two commonly used laser ranging methods, pulse laser ranging and phase laser ranging, are studied. After comparing their advantages and disadvantages, pulse laser ranging is selected. After introducing the basic principle of pulse laser ranging in detail, the whole ranging system is divided into three parts: transmitting module, receiving module and signal data processing module, and then each module is designed and analyzed. First of all, in the transmission module, the excitation signal is generated by the FPGA, and the excitation driver drives the laser emitter to emit the laser. In this paper, a series of SPLLL laser emitters specially developed for laser ranging applications are selected, and EL7104 is used as the driving chip of SPLLL90. Secondly, in the receiving module, several kinds of optoelectronic conversion devices are studied, their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed, the PIN photodiode with low noise advantage is selected, the preamplifier circuit is designed to filter the noise and the main amplifier circuit is used for secondary amplification, and then the termination signal of the counter is obtained by high speed voltage comparator. Finally, in the signal data processing module, the error source of time interval measurement is analyzed, and several algorithms to reduce the time interval measurement error are introduced in detail. Combined with the actual requirements of the system, the time interval measurement platform with FPGA as the core is adopted, and the delay line interpolation method is used to measure the time. In this paper, the signal data processing unit of pulse laser ranging system is analyzed in detail, and the phase-locked loop in FPGA is used to double the frequency of the system clock to improve the accuracy of measurement. After completing the work flow of the whole system and the design of each module, the simulation test of each module is carried out, the performance of each module is tested, and the relevant measurement data are obtained. the experimental results show that the expected requirements are met.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TN247

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本文編號(hào)：2506330