【摘要】：行波管是一類十分重要的微波/毫米波電真空器件,具有高功率、高增益、高效率、寬頻帶等優(yōu)勢,廣泛應(yīng)用在通訊、雷達(dá)、電子對抗等現(xiàn)代軍事電子設(shè)備中。對行波管電磁特性的研究通常忽略了電子注對電磁波傳播的影響,通過研究冷電壓駐波比和冷高頻特性來衡量行波管的電磁特性。實(shí)際上,在行波管正常工作情況下,電子注的存在必然會影響電磁波的傳播狀態(tài)。熱狀態(tài)下的電磁特性與冷狀態(tài)下的電磁特性產(chǎn)生偏離。如何精確分析電子注對行波管電磁特性的影響,直接影響到后續(xù)注波互作用分析的精確性,并在一定程度上成為理論分析與實(shí)驗(yàn)測量之間誤差的重要來源。本文以一寬帶行波管為例,重點(diǎn)分析電子注對行波管電磁特性的影響。本文的主要工作和創(chuàng)新包括:1.電子注等效媒質(zhì)分析。以麥克斯韋方程和電子流體力學(xué)為基礎(chǔ),采用等效媒質(zhì)的處理方法分別研究無窮磁場聚焦下和周期磁場聚焦下縱向傳輸?shù)碾娮幼�。將無窮磁場下的電子注等效為一單軸、互易、各向異性的介電張量媒質(zhì)。周期磁場聚焦下的電子注等效為一種雙各向異性媒質(zhì),不僅介電率和磁導(dǎo)率都為張量,且具有手征特性。在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,分析電子注相關(guān)參數(shù)對等效媒質(zhì)的影響。2.螺旋線行波管電磁特性理論分析。采用螺旋導(dǎo)面模型,分別對未加載電子注與加載電子注的螺旋線行波管進(jìn)行分析,得到相對應(yīng)的色散特性、耦合阻抗及特性阻抗,并與冷狀態(tài)下的結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比,驗(yàn)證理論推導(dǎo)的正確性。在電子注加載情況下,重點(diǎn)分析了電子注電壓、電子注電流和電子注半徑對電磁特性的影響,為分析電子注加載對行波管電磁特性的影響提供理論基礎(chǔ)。3.利用電磁仿真軟件CST仿真寬帶螺旋線行波管的駐波特性,在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)合理的衰減模型。將無窮磁場聚焦電子注和周期磁場聚焦電子注加載到螺旋線行波管中,建立對應(yīng)的能量傳輸系統(tǒng)模型。采用電磁仿真軟件對無窮磁場聚焦下行波管的熱駐波特性進(jìn)行了仿真,并分析了電子注相關(guān)參數(shù)對熱駐波特性的影響。
[Abstract]:Traveling wave tube (TWT) is a kind of very important microwave / millimeter wave electric vacuum device. It has the advantages of high power, high gain, high efficiency and wide band. It is widely used in modern military electronic equipment such as communication, radar, electronic countermeasure and so on. The research on the electromagnetic characteristics of TWT usually ignores the influence of electron beam on the propagation of electromagnetic wave. The electromagnetic characteristics of TWT are measured by studying the standing wave ratio of cold voltage and the characteristics of cold and high frequency. In fact, under the normal working condition of TWT, the existence of electron beam will inevitably affect the propagation state of electromagnetic wave. The electromagnetic characteristics in the hot state deviate from those in the cold state. How to accurately analyze the influence of electron beam on the electromagnetic characteristics of TWT directly affects the accuracy of subsequent beam-wave interaction analysis and, to a certain extent, becomes an important source of error between theoretical analysis and experimental measurement. Taking a broadband TWT as an example, the influence of electron beam on the electromagnetic characteristics of TWT is analyzed in this paper. The main work and innovations of this paper include: 1. Electron beam equivalent medium analysis. Based on Maxwell equation and electro-hydrodynamics, the electron beam propagating longitudinally under the infinite magnetic field focusing and the periodic magnetic field focusing is studied by using the equivalent medium treatment method. The electron beam in infinite magnetic field is equivalent to a uniaxial, reciprocal, anisotropic dielectric Zhang Liang medium. The electron beam equivalent under the periodic magnetic field focusing is a kind of bianisotropic medium, not only the dielectric rate and permeability are Zhang Liang, but also has the characteristic of chiral. On this basis, numerical simulation is carried out to analyze the influence of electron beam parameters on the equivalent medium. Theoretical Analysis of electromagnetic characteristics of Spiral TWT. The spiral guide plane model is used to analyze the unloaded electron beam and the loaded electron beam respectively. The corresponding dispersion characteristics, coupling impedance and characteristic impedance are obtained, and the results are compared with those in the cold state. The correctness of the theoretical deduction is verified. Under the condition of electron beam loading, the influence of electron beam voltage, electron beam current and electron beam radius on the electromagnetic characteristics is analyzed, which provides a theoretical basis for analyzing the influence of electron beam loading on the electromagnetic characteristics of traveling wave tubes. 3. The standing wave characteristics of broadband spiral traveling wave tube are simulated by electromagnetic simulation software CST, and a reasonable attenuation model is designed on this basis. The infinite magnetic field focused electron beam and the periodic magnetic field focused electron beam are loaded into the spiral traveling wave tube, and the corresponding energy transfer system model is established. The electromagnetic simulation software is used to simulate the thermal standing wave characteristics of the infinite magnetic field focused downlink wave tube, and the influence of electron beam parameters on the thermal standing wave characteristics is analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN124

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