【摘要】：電阻層析成像技術(shù)(Electrical Resistance Tomography,簡稱ERT)是電學(xué)成像領(lǐng)域一個(gè)重要分支。由于其無輻射、速度快、結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、性價(jià)比高等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在工業(yè)領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用前景廣闊。本文致力于將ERT技術(shù)應(yīng)用于電子農(nóng)業(yè)成像,對(duì)塊莖電阻成像(TERT-Tuber Electrical Resistance Tomography)技術(shù)進(jìn)行 了深入的研究。目的是對(duì)土壤中植物塊莖的生長狀態(tài)進(jìn)行非侵入式的可視化監(jiān)控,符合精細(xì)化農(nóng)業(yè)要求。為新品種培育和電子農(nóng)業(yè)提供了一種可視化檢測手段和工具�；谇捌趯�(duì)TERT系統(tǒng)電極陣列的仿真研究,本文設(shè)計(jì)和制作了 6層16電極陣列的TERT數(shù)據(jù)獲取系統(tǒng)。TERT數(shù)據(jù)獲取系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)是工業(yè)ERT技術(shù)的發(fā)展。與工業(yè)ERT系統(tǒng)相比,TERT系統(tǒng)測量場域的阻抗更大,分布不均衡;數(shù)據(jù)激勵(lì)/采集使用串行方式;對(duì)成像分辨率和成像質(zhì)量要求更高。因此在工業(yè)ERT數(shù)據(jù)獲取系統(tǒng)技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)TERT與工業(yè)ERT的差別,設(shè)計(jì)和制作數(shù)據(jù)獲取系統(tǒng)是本文的主要研究工作,本文主要任務(wù)包括:(1)在TERT系統(tǒng)阻抗模型分析和仿真研究的基礎(chǔ)上,制作了適合TERT系統(tǒng)的敏感電極陣列子系統(tǒng);(2)基于制作完成的敏感電極陣列子系統(tǒng),設(shè)計(jì)了多組阻抗測試實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了TERT系統(tǒng)理論的可行性,并為數(shù)據(jù)獲取系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì)提供了參數(shù)依據(jù);(3)基于FPGA的TERT數(shù)據(jù)獲取系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì)與制作,包括了開關(guān)陣列控制電路板、模擬信號(hào)調(diào)理電路板和控制電路板,實(shí)現(xiàn)了 6層每層16電極陣列的相鄰激勵(lì)/測量模式下的數(shù)據(jù)獲取工作;(4)基于Verilog語言編寫FPGA軟件程序,和基于C語言的ARM控制程序,完成了開關(guān)陣列的有序切換、數(shù)據(jù)獲取控制、數(shù)字濾波以及與上位機(jī)的數(shù)據(jù)通訊;(5)基于設(shè)計(jì)完成的數(shù)據(jù)獲取系統(tǒng),對(duì)TERT理論進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,最終得到可靠的數(shù)據(jù),并進(jìn)行了植物塊莖的圖像重建實(shí)驗(yàn)。本文設(shè)計(jì)的硬件系統(tǒng)包括:敏感電極陣列子系統(tǒng)、恒流激勵(lì)源、信號(hào)調(diào)理電路板、控制電路板以及6塊開關(guān)陣列控制電路板。在所建立的實(shí)驗(yàn)硬件基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了土壤阻抗測試實(shí)驗(yàn)和數(shù)據(jù)獲取系統(tǒng)性能測試實(shí)驗(yàn)�？蓪�(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)截面面積不小于1.21 cm2且與土壤電導(dǎo)率不同的塊狀物體的場域邊界電壓的采集和3D圖像重建。
[Abstract]:Resistance tomography (Electrical Resistance Tomography,) is an important branch of electrical imaging field. Because of its non-radiation, high speed, simple structure, high cost-to-performance and other advantages, it has a broad application prospect in the field of industry. In this paper, we focus on the application of ERT technology in electronic agriculture imaging, and make a deep research on TERT-Tuber Electrical Resistance Tomography) technology. The aim of this paper is to monitor the growth state of plant tubers in soil by non-invasive visualization, and to meet the requirements of fine agriculture. It provides a visual detection method and tool for the cultivation of new varieties and electronic agriculture. Based on the simulation of TERT system electrode array, a 6-layer 16-electrode array TERT data acquisition system is designed and fabricated in this paper. The technology of tert data acquisition system is the development of industrial ERT technology. Compared with the industrial ERT system, the measurement impedance of the TERT system is larger and the distribution is unbalanced, the serial mode is used for data excitation / acquisition, and the imaging resolution and imaging quality are higher. Therefore, based on the technology of industrial ERT data acquisition system and according to the difference between TERT and industrial ERT, the design and manufacture of data acquisition system is the main research work of this paper. The main tasks of this paper are as follows: (1) based on the impedance model analysis and simulation of TERT system, a sensitive electrode array subsystem suitable for TERT system is fabricated. (2) based on the sub-system of sensitive electrode array, a series of impedance test experiments are designed to verify the feasibility of the theory of TERT system, and provide the parameter basis for the hardware design of data acquisition system. (3) hardware design and manufacture of TERT data acquisition system based on FPGA, including switch array control circuit board, analog signal conditioning circuit board and control circuit board. The data acquisition work in the adjacent excitation / measurement mode of the 16-electrode array with 6 layers each layer is realized. (4) programming FPGA software program based on Verilog language and ARM control program based on C language, completing orderly switching of switch array, data acquisition control, digital filtering and data communication with upper computer; (5) based on the designed data acquisition system, the TERT theory is verified, the system is optimized and the reliable data is obtained, and the image reconstruction experiment of plant tuber is carried out. The hardware system designed in this paper includes: sensitive electrode array subsystem, constant current excitation source, signal conditioning circuit board, control circuit board and six switch array control circuit boards. On the basis of the experimental hardware, the soil impedance test and the performance test of data acquisition system are carried out. The field boundary voltage acquisition and 3D image reconstruction of massive objects whose cross-section area is not less than 1.21 cm2 and whose conductivity is different from soil conductivity can be realized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN791;TP311.52

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