激光自混合微角度測量及相關技術研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-04-16 15:51
【摘要】：激光自混合干涉效應是指激光器的輸出光被外界物體部分反射或散射后,重新反饋回激光器的諧振腔內,這部分攜帶外部物體信息的反饋光與腔內光發(fā)生干涉,調制激光器的輸出特性,從而可以實現對目標物的物理量的測量。與傳統(tǒng)干涉系統(tǒng)相比,自混合干涉系統(tǒng)僅有一個干涉通道,結構簡單、緊湊,易準直,靈敏度高,目前已廣泛應用于工業(yè)測量、科學研究、國防軍事等眾多領域。本文結合激光自混合干涉效應的原理以及直角棱鏡的自反饋特性,提出并實現了一種能夠滿足高分辨率、寬范圍的角度測量系統(tǒng),所研究的測角系統(tǒng)的測量分辨率可以達到0.55mrad,測量范圍可以達到21.49mrad。同時本文還對不同待測物表面的散射特性以及光纖激光器中不同的尾端結構進行了討論分析,為激光自混合系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化提供了理論指導和實驗支持。本文所做的研究工作主要包括以下幾個方面：1.提出了一種新型的基于自混合干涉技術的高分辨率、寬范圍的角度測量系統(tǒng),給出了不同波長的激光器作為光源時的基本理論分析與數值模擬結果。2.在理論分析的基礎上成功設計并搭建了所研測角系統(tǒng)的實驗裝置,觀察到了不同波長的激光器作為光源時的實驗現象,同時給出了實驗現象的分析結果,最后討論分析了實驗的誤差來源,為下一步系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化和改進奠定了基礎。3.對不同待測物表面的散射特性進行了相關研究。理論和實驗結果表明,反射膜的信噪比和散射率大部分地大于其他的散射面,并且信噪比會隨著散射角的增大而呈遞減特性。4.對于作為反饋光收集結構的不同光纖尾端進行了相關研究。通過對比實驗現象和理論結果可以得出,不同的光纖尾端有著不同的耦合效率,但卻適用于不同的應用場合。本論文的主要創(chuàng)新點包括：1.搭建了一個新型的基于激光自混合干涉技術的微角度測量系統(tǒng),利用直角棱鏡入射光平行于出射光的特性,簡化了調節(jié)光路的難度,從而有效克服了傳統(tǒng)測角系統(tǒng)靈敏度低和測量范圍受限的問題。2.該新型系統(tǒng)利用微片激光器作為光源時,能夠在保證測量分辨率達到0.55mrad的同時獲得18.90mrad的測量范圍；利用氦氖激光器作為光源時的分辨率為0.61mrad,測量范圍可以達到21.49mrad。3.在對不同待測物表面的散射特性的相關研究中,通過使用一個反射膜,并且選取一個合適的角度可以幫助我們消除散斑帶來的影響,同時提高自混合信號的信噪比,為以后的系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化提供了基礎。4.在對作為反饋光收集結構的不同光纖尾端的相關理論分析中,可以利用.ABCD矩陣在近軸條件下計算出不同光纖尾端收集反饋光過程中的耦合效率。
[Abstract]:The laser self-mixing interference effect is that the output light of the laser is reflected or scattered by the external object, and the output light is refed back into the cavity of the laser. The feedback light carrying the information of the external object interferes with the intracavity light. The output characteristics of the modulated laser are modulated so that the measurement of the physical quantity of the target can be realized. Compared with the traditional interference system, the self-mixing interference system has only one interference channel. It has simple structure, compact structure, easy collimation and high sensitivity. It has been widely used in many fields such as industrial measurement, scientific research, national defense and military affairs and so on. In this paper, based on the principle of laser self-mixing interference and the self-feedback characteristics of right-angle prism, an angle measurement system with high resolution and wide range is proposed and implemented. The resolution of the studied angle measuring system can reach 0.55 mrads and the measuring range can reach 21.49 mrads. At the same time, the scattering characteristics of different object surfaces and different tail end structures in fiber lasers are discussed and analyzed, which provides theoretical guidance and experimental support for the optimization of laser self-mixing system. The research work done in this paper mainly includes the following aspects: 1. A new angle measurement system with high resolution and wide range based on self-mixing interferometry is proposed. The basic theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results of laser with different wavelengths as light source are given. 2. On the basis of theoretical analysis, the experimental equipment of the angle measuring system is designed and built successfully. The experimental phenomena of laser with different wavelengths as the light source are observed, and the analysis results of the experimental phenomena are given at the same time. Finally, the error source of the experiment is discussed and analyzed, which lays the foundation for the further optimization and improvement of the system. 3. The scattering characteristics of different objects to be measured are studied in this paper. The theoretical and experimental results show that the signal-to-noise ratio and scattering rate of the reflective films are mostly larger than those of the other scattering surfaces, and the signal-to-noise ratio decreases with the increase of the scattering angle. 4. Different fiber trailing ends used as feedback light collection structures are studied in this paper. By comparing the experimental phenomena and theoretical results, it can be concluded that different fiber tails have different coupling efficiency, but they are suitable for different applications. The main innovations of this paper include: 1. A new micro-angle measurement system based on laser self-mixing interferometry is built. The characteristics of right-angle prism incident light parallel to the output light are used to simplify the difficulty of adjusting the light path. Thus, the problems of low sensitivity and limited measurement range of traditional angle measuring system are effectively overcome. 2. When the micro-chip laser is used as the light source, the measurement range of 18.90mrad can be obtained at the same time the measurement resolution is up to 0.55mrad. When he-ne laser is used as light source, the resolution is 0.61mrad.The measuring range can reach 21.49mrad.3. In the study of scattering characteristics of different objects to be measured, using a reflective film and choosing a suitable angle can help us eliminate the speckle effect, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of self-mixing signal at the same time. Provides the foundation for future system optimization. 4. In the theoretical analysis of different fiber trailing ends as feedback optical collection structures, the coupling efficiency of different fiber tail-end collecting feedback light can be calculated by using .ABCD matrix in paraxial condition.
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TN249
本文編號：2458899
[Abstract]:The laser self-mixing interference effect is that the output light of the laser is reflected or scattered by the external object, and the output light is refed back into the cavity of the laser. The feedback light carrying the information of the external object interferes with the intracavity light. The output characteristics of the modulated laser are modulated so that the measurement of the physical quantity of the target can be realized. Compared with the traditional interference system, the self-mixing interference system has only one interference channel. It has simple structure, compact structure, easy collimation and high sensitivity. It has been widely used in many fields such as industrial measurement, scientific research, national defense and military affairs and so on. In this paper, based on the principle of laser self-mixing interference and the self-feedback characteristics of right-angle prism, an angle measurement system with high resolution and wide range is proposed and implemented. The resolution of the studied angle measuring system can reach 0.55 mrads and the measuring range can reach 21.49 mrads. At the same time, the scattering characteristics of different object surfaces and different tail end structures in fiber lasers are discussed and analyzed, which provides theoretical guidance and experimental support for the optimization of laser self-mixing system. The research work done in this paper mainly includes the following aspects: 1. A new angle measurement system with high resolution and wide range based on self-mixing interferometry is proposed. The basic theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results of laser with different wavelengths as light source are given. 2. On the basis of theoretical analysis, the experimental equipment of the angle measuring system is designed and built successfully. The experimental phenomena of laser with different wavelengths as the light source are observed, and the analysis results of the experimental phenomena are given at the same time. Finally, the error source of the experiment is discussed and analyzed, which lays the foundation for the further optimization and improvement of the system. 3. The scattering characteristics of different objects to be measured are studied in this paper. The theoretical and experimental results show that the signal-to-noise ratio and scattering rate of the reflective films are mostly larger than those of the other scattering surfaces, and the signal-to-noise ratio decreases with the increase of the scattering angle. 4. Different fiber trailing ends used as feedback light collection structures are studied in this paper. By comparing the experimental phenomena and theoretical results, it can be concluded that different fiber tails have different coupling efficiency, but they are suitable for different applications. The main innovations of this paper include: 1. A new micro-angle measurement system based on laser self-mixing interferometry is built. The characteristics of right-angle prism incident light parallel to the output light are used to simplify the difficulty of adjusting the light path. Thus, the problems of low sensitivity and limited measurement range of traditional angle measuring system are effectively overcome. 2. When the micro-chip laser is used as the light source, the measurement range of 18.90mrad can be obtained at the same time the measurement resolution is up to 0.55mrad. When he-ne laser is used as light source, the resolution is 0.61mrad.The measuring range can reach 21.49mrad.3. In the study of scattering characteristics of different objects to be measured, using a reflective film and choosing a suitable angle can help us eliminate the speckle effect, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of self-mixing signal at the same time. Provides the foundation for future system optimization. 4. In the theoretical analysis of different fiber trailing ends as feedback optical collection structures, the coupling efficiency of different fiber tail-end collecting feedback light can be calculated by using .ABCD matrix in paraxial condition.
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TN249
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