【摘要】：定向耦合器是大功率微波系統(tǒng)中常用的一種器件,可以從系統(tǒng)中耦合出一小部分微波功率,用以監(jiān)測及隔離大功率微波信號。定向耦合器可以由矩形波導(dǎo)、圓波導(dǎo)、微帶線等多種傳輸線構(gòu)成,并且主波導(dǎo)和副波導(dǎo)可以采用不同的傳輸線,設(shè)計方式多樣,結(jié)構(gòu)形式多樣,并各有優(yōu)缺點。現(xiàn)有的定向耦合器大多是基于單模傳輸情況下設(shè)計的。然而隨著電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展,工業(yè)用微波系統(tǒng)的功率不斷加大,基于單模傳輸?shù)牟▽?dǎo)的功率容量在一些情況下難以滿足要求,因而采用多種模式并存的過模波導(dǎo)成為一種解決辦法,與其配套的過模波導(dǎo)定向耦合器的設(shè)計也因此成為一個課題。針對大功率微波系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用需求,本文對過模波導(dǎo)定向耦合器進行了研究,分析了結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)與電氣參數(shù)間的關(guān)系,并對耦合器結(jié)構(gòu)進行了設(shè)計。本文的主要工作可以概括為以下幾點:1.對小孔耦合原理進行了闡述,對常用的定向耦合器主、副波導(dǎo)的類型進行了歸納,并對比了它們的優(yōu)缺點。對定向耦合器的主要技術(shù)指標(biāo),包括耦合度、隔離度、方向性、駐波系數(shù)等進行了研究。分析了波導(dǎo)內(nèi)部的場分布。2.對工作在2.4GHz的過模波導(dǎo)定向耦合器進行了研究與設(shè)計,為避免直接采用小尺寸耦合孔容易打火和出現(xiàn)耦合不穩(wěn)定的問題,提出了采用過渡段的寬邊耦合設(shè)計方案。主波導(dǎo)采用加大尺寸的BJ22矩形波導(dǎo),過渡段采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的BJ22矩形波導(dǎo),副波導(dǎo)則采用微帶線以減小耦合器尺寸。首先分析了主波導(dǎo)內(nèi)存在TE10、TE20、TE01三個模式情況下主副波導(dǎo)的場分布,以及結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對耦合度和方向性的影響。3.討論了矩形波導(dǎo)尺寸進一步增大后產(chǎn)生的高次模的數(shù)量與比例,并對基于過模波導(dǎo)窄邊和微帶線直接耦合的耦合方式進行了研究。通過對耦合孔處電場分布的分析,驗證了由波導(dǎo)窄邊直接耦合到微帶線的可行性。在此基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計了一種能夠承受大功率的基于窄邊耦合的圓孔型過模波導(dǎo)定向耦合器,并對結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進行了優(yōu)化。4.在仿真和分析過程中,由于波導(dǎo)內(nèi)不可避免存在駐波,而定向耦合器的耦合度和方向性等參數(shù)理論上是在波導(dǎo)內(nèi)存在行波狀態(tài)下定義的參數(shù),因此為了避免波導(dǎo)內(nèi)駐波對定向耦合器電氣參數(shù)設(shè)計帶來影響,本文提出了一種利用坡印廷矢量積分計算功率、并對駐波影響進行修正的耦合度、方向性計算方法,分析了該方法的有效性。
[Abstract]:Directional couplers are commonly used in high-power microwave systems. A small portion of microwave power can be coupled from the system to monitor and isolate high-power microwave signals. Directional couplers can be composed of rectangular waveguide, circular waveguide, microstrip line and other transmission lines, and the main waveguide and the secondary waveguide can adopt different transmission lines. The design methods and structures of the directional couplers can be varied, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. The existing directional couplers are mostly designed based on single-mode transmission. However, with the development of electronic technology, the power of industrial microwave system is increasing, and the power capacity of waveguide based on single-mode transmission is difficult to meet the requirements in some cases. Therefore, it is a kind of solution to adopt multi-mode co-existing over-mode waveguide, and the design of the directional coupler of the mode-pass waveguide has also become a subject. According to the application requirement of high power microwave system, this paper studies the directional coupler of over-mode waveguide, analyzes the relationship between structural parameters and electrical parameters, and designs the coupler structure. The main work of this paper can be summarized as follows: 1. In this paper, the principle of small hole coupling is described, and the types of main and secondary waveguide of directional coupling are summarized, and their advantages and disadvantages are compared. The main technical indexes of directional couplers, including coupling degree, isolation degree, directivity, standing wave coefficient and so on, are studied. The field distribution in the waveguide is analyzed. 2. The over-mode waveguide directional couplers working in 2.4GHz are studied and designed. In order to avoid the problem that small-size coupling holes are easy to fire and coupling instability occurs directly, a wide-edge coupling design scheme with transition section is put forward. The BJ22 rectangular waveguide is used in the main waveguide, the standard BJ22 rectangular waveguide is used in the transition section, and the microstrip line is used in the secondary waveguide to reduce the size of the coupler. Firstly, the field distribution of the main and secondary waveguides with three modes of TE10,TE20,TE01 in the main waveguide is analyzed, and the influence of structural parameters on the coupling degree and directivity is analyzed. 3. The number and proportion of higher order modes produced by further increasing the size of rectangular waveguides are discussed, and the coupling modes based on narrow edges of over-mode waveguides and microstrip lines are studied. Through the analysis of the electric field distribution at the coupling hole, the feasibility of direct coupling from narrow edge of waveguide to microstrip line is verified. On the basis of this, a circular cross-mode waveguide directional coupler based on narrow-edge coupling which can withstand high power is designed, and the structural parameters are optimized. 4. In the process of simulation and analysis, due to the inevitable existence of standing waves in the waveguide, the coupling degree and directivity of directional couplers are theoretically defined in the presence of traveling waves in the waveguide. Therefore, in order to avoid the influence of standing wave in waveguide on the design of electrical parameters of directional couplers, this paper presents a coupling degree and directivity calculation method, which uses Poynting vector integral to calculate power and modify the effect of standing wave on the design of electrical parameters of directional couplers. The effectiveness of the method is analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN622.2

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