一維銀基半導(dǎo)體材料的制備及光催化性能研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-02 15:42
【摘要】：近年來,環(huán)境問題和資源短缺問題越來越得到人們的廣泛關(guān)注,而環(huán)境污染給我們的生活及健康帶來了更多消極影響,特別是水污染。目前常見的污水處理方法有物理吸附法,化學(xué)處理法和生物降解法,這些方法雖然也取得了一定成效,但是在應(yīng)用時也存在很大的缺陷,比如效率低,耗能比較高,處理周期長等而不能大規(guī)模應(yīng)用,這就決定了我們需要找一種綠色環(huán)保,節(jié)能,安全穩(wěn)定高效,且無二次污染的污水處理技術(shù)。在眾多污水處理技術(shù)中,光催化技術(shù)得到科研工作者們的普遍關(guān)注。光催化技術(shù)主要是利用太陽光輻射半導(dǎo)體材料,半導(dǎo)體材料能有效降解污水中的污染物。該技術(shù)的主要部分是半導(dǎo)體催化劑材料。目前Ag基半導(dǎo)體材料由于具有特殊的性能在光催化領(lǐng)域獨(dú)樹一幟,得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。本文主要探究一系列一維Ag基化合物及復(fù)合材料的制備及光催化性能研究開展工作,從以下幾個方面進(jìn)行研究：1.酸刻蝕陰離子交換法快速制備AgnX(X=S,Cl, PO4, C2O4)納米管及光催化性能研究本章節(jié)主要闡述了一種快速制備一系列銀化合物納米管的方法,比如Ag2S, AgCl,Ag3PO4,和Ag2C2O4。陰離子交換發(fā)生于無水有機(jī)溶劑中,反應(yīng)在室溫下10分鐘左右就可以完成。我們通過由Ag2CO3納米棒到一系列銀化合物的核殼結(jié)構(gòu)的變化過程證明酸刻蝕陰離子交換的過程。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)物的形貌可以通過改變酸的濃度和有機(jī)溶劑來調(diào)控,有機(jī)溶劑通過控制反應(yīng)物的擴(kuò)散速率在納米管的合成過程中也扮著重要的角色。結(jié)果證明制備的AgCl和Ag3PO4納米管具有優(yōu)異的降解有機(jī)污染物的性能,并同時具有很好的光催化循環(huán)性能。2.Z-型三元異質(zhì)復(fù)合材料Ag2CO3/Ag/AgBr的制備及其光催化性能研究銀基化合物被認(rèn)為是高效可見光催化材料中一個新的一員。然而,這類催化劑材料比較容易腐蝕,導(dǎo)致其活性大大降低,所以尋找一種簡便可行的方法合成結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定,活性高的銀基異質(zhì)納米結(jié)構(gòu)仍具有很大的挑戰(zhàn)。本工作,我們在室溫下先通過光還原再陰離子交換法合成了組分可調(diào)的一維Ag2CO3/Ag/AgBr三元異質(zhì)納米棒。制備的一維Ag2CO3/Ag/AgBr三元異質(zhì)材料在可見光下具有更高的光催化活性和穩(wěn)定性。我們通過捕獲劑測試,進(jìn)一步探討了較高的活性和穩(wěn)定性的原因,并提出了Z-型可能的光催化機(jī)理。3.三元異質(zhì)復(fù)合材料Ag2CO3/Ag/PANI的制備及其光催化性能研究本工作中我們在室溫下先通過可見光照還原Ag2CO3納米棒使其表面長生少量Ag顆粒,再在納米棒表面沉積一種導(dǎo)電性好性能優(yōu)異的高分子材料聚苯胺(PANI),使金屬化合物與高分子材料有機(jī)結(jié)合,合成了組分可調(diào)的一維Ag2CO3/Ag/PANI三元異質(zhì)納米棒。制備的一維Ag2CO3/Ag/PANI三元異質(zhì)材料在可見光下具有比Ag2CO3/Ag更高的光催化活性和穩(wěn)定性。我們通過捕獲劑測試探討了光催化過程中起主要作用的活性基團(tuán),并進(jìn)一步探討了此異質(zhì)復(fù)合材料性能提高的原因。
[Abstract]:In recent years, environmental problems and resource shortages have become more and more concerned, and the environmental pollution has brought more negative effects to our lives and health, in particular water pollution. At present, the common sewage treatment method has the physical adsorption method, the chemical treatment method and the biodegradation method, and the method also has certain effect, but also has great defects in the application, such as low efficiency, high energy consumption, long treatment cycle and the like, and can not be used for large-scale application, This determines that we need to find a sewage treatment technology with green, environment-friendly, energy-saving, safe and stable and high-efficiency and no secondary pollution. In many sewage treatment technologies, photocatalytic technology has been widely concerned by scientific researchers. The photocatalysis technology mainly utilizes the sunlight to radiate the semiconductor material, and the semiconductor material can effectively degrade the pollutants in the sewage. The main part of the technique is a semiconductor catalyst material. At present, the Ag-based semiconductor material is unique in the photocatalysis field due to the special performance, and the Ag-based semiconductor material is widely applied. The preparation and photocatalytic performance of a series of one-dimensional Ag-based compound and composite materials are mainly studied in this paper, and the following aspects are studied:1. The rapid preparation of AgnX (X = S, Cl, PO4, C2O4) nanotubes and their photocatalytic properties by acid-etching anion exchange method mainly describes a method for preparing a series of silver compound nanotubes quickly, such as Ag2S, AgCl, Ag3PO4, and Ag2C2O4. The anion exchange takes place in an anhydrous organic solvent, and the reaction can be carried out at about 10 minutes at room temperature. The process of acid etching anion exchange was demonstrated by the change of the core-shell structure of Ag2CO3 nanorods to a series of silver compounds. The results show that the morphology of the product can be regulated by changing the concentration of the acid and the organic solvent, and the organic solvent plays an important role in the synthesis of the nanotubes by controlling the diffusion rate of the reactants. the results show that the prepared agcl and ag3po4 nanotubes have excellent performance for degrading organic pollutants, The preparation and photocatalytic properties of the 2. Z-type ternary heterogeneous composite Ag2CO3/ Ag/ AgBr and their photocatalytic properties are considered to be a new one of the high efficiency visible light catalytic materials. However, this kind of catalyst material is easy to corrode, and the activity is greatly reduced, so it is found that a simple and feasible method for synthesizing the silver-based heterostructure with stable structure and high activity still has a great challenge. The one-dimensional Ag2CO _ 2CO _ 2CO _ 3/ Ag/ AgBr ternary nanorod with adjustable components was synthesized by photoreduction and re-anion exchange at room temperature. The prepared one-dimensional Ag2CO3/ Ag/ AgBr three-way material has higher photocatalytic activity and stability under visible light. The reason of higher activity and stability is further discussed by the capture agent test, and the possible light catalytic mechanism of Z-type is proposed. The preparation of the ternary heterogeneous composite material Ag2CO3/ Ag/ PANI and the photocatalytic performance of the ternary heterogeneous composite material are as follows: the Ag2CO3 nano-rod is first reduced by visible light at room temperature to make the surface of the Ag particles grow on a small amount of Ag particles, and a high-molecular material polyaniline (PANI) with excellent conductivity and good performance is deposited on the surface of the nano-rod, And the one-dimensional Ag2CO3/ Ag/ PANI ternary heterogeneous nano-rods with adjustable components are synthesized by organically combining the metal compound and the high-molecular material. The prepared one-dimensional Ag2CO3/ Ag/ PANI ternary heterogeneous material has higher photocatalytic activity and stability under visible light than Ag2CO3/ Ag. In this paper, the active groups which play a major role in the photocatalytic process are discussed by the capture agent test, and the reasons for the improvement of the performance of the heterostructure are further discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：O643.36;TN304
[Abstract]:In recent years, environmental problems and resource shortages have become more and more concerned, and the environmental pollution has brought more negative effects to our lives and health, in particular water pollution. At present, the common sewage treatment method has the physical adsorption method, the chemical treatment method and the biodegradation method, and the method also has certain effect, but also has great defects in the application, such as low efficiency, high energy consumption, long treatment cycle and the like, and can not be used for large-scale application, This determines that we need to find a sewage treatment technology with green, environment-friendly, energy-saving, safe and stable and high-efficiency and no secondary pollution. In many sewage treatment technologies, photocatalytic technology has been widely concerned by scientific researchers. The photocatalysis technology mainly utilizes the sunlight to radiate the semiconductor material, and the semiconductor material can effectively degrade the pollutants in the sewage. The main part of the technique is a semiconductor catalyst material. At present, the Ag-based semiconductor material is unique in the photocatalysis field due to the special performance, and the Ag-based semiconductor material is widely applied. The preparation and photocatalytic performance of a series of one-dimensional Ag-based compound and composite materials are mainly studied in this paper, and the following aspects are studied:1. The rapid preparation of AgnX (X = S, Cl, PO4, C2O4) nanotubes and their photocatalytic properties by acid-etching anion exchange method mainly describes a method for preparing a series of silver compound nanotubes quickly, such as Ag2S, AgCl, Ag3PO4, and Ag2C2O4. The anion exchange takes place in an anhydrous organic solvent, and the reaction can be carried out at about 10 minutes at room temperature. The process of acid etching anion exchange was demonstrated by the change of the core-shell structure of Ag2CO3 nanorods to a series of silver compounds. The results show that the morphology of the product can be regulated by changing the concentration of the acid and the organic solvent, and the organic solvent plays an important role in the synthesis of the nanotubes by controlling the diffusion rate of the reactants. the results show that the prepared agcl and ag3po4 nanotubes have excellent performance for degrading organic pollutants, The preparation and photocatalytic properties of the 2. Z-type ternary heterogeneous composite Ag2CO3/ Ag/ AgBr and their photocatalytic properties are considered to be a new one of the high efficiency visible light catalytic materials. However, this kind of catalyst material is easy to corrode, and the activity is greatly reduced, so it is found that a simple and feasible method for synthesizing the silver-based heterostructure with stable structure and high activity still has a great challenge. The one-dimensional Ag2CO _ 2CO _ 2CO _ 3/ Ag/ AgBr ternary nanorod with adjustable components was synthesized by photoreduction and re-anion exchange at room temperature. The prepared one-dimensional Ag2CO3/ Ag/ AgBr three-way material has higher photocatalytic activity and stability under visible light. The reason of higher activity and stability is further discussed by the capture agent test, and the possible light catalytic mechanism of Z-type is proposed. The preparation of the ternary heterogeneous composite material Ag2CO3/ Ag/ PANI and the photocatalytic performance of the ternary heterogeneous composite material are as follows: the Ag2CO3 nano-rod is first reduced by visible light at room temperature to make the surface of the Ag particles grow on a small amount of Ag particles, and a high-molecular material polyaniline (PANI) with excellent conductivity and good performance is deposited on the surface of the nano-rod, And the one-dimensional Ag2CO3/ Ag/ PANI ternary heterogeneous nano-rods with adjustable components are synthesized by organically combining the metal compound and the high-molecular material. The prepared one-dimensional Ag2CO3/ Ag/ PANI ternary heterogeneous material has higher photocatalytic activity and stability under visible light than Ag2CO3/ Ag. In this paper, the active groups which play a major role in the photocatalytic process are discussed by the capture agent test, and the reasons for the improvement of the performance of the heterostructure are further discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：O643.36;TN304
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