【摘要】：微角度測量在日常生活以及工業(yè)制造測試領(lǐng)域一直占據(jù)著重要的位置,以往機械式的測試方法已不足以滿足當(dāng)代工業(yè)發(fā)展的需求,測試過程自動化、數(shù)字化是目前微角度測試方法的主要研究方向。在眾多微角測試方法中,光學(xué)測角法以其準(zhǔn)確度高、非接觸測量的優(yōu)勢而被運用最多。針對火炮出廠前的校瞄工作,存在自動化程度不高,測試結(jié)果分辨率、精度低的缺點,設(shè)計了一種新穎的激光微角檢測校瞄系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)由位置靈敏探測器(PSD)、準(zhǔn)直平行激光管與二維精密旋轉(zhuǎn)控制器構(gòu)成,采用光電轉(zhuǎn)換和信號處理技術(shù),可實時獲取火炮炮膛的微角偏移量,完成了高精度的測試,有效地改善了傳統(tǒng)校瞄方法的不足。結(jié)合課題研究的基本目標(biāo),深入研究了激光作為光學(xué)測角法光源的優(yōu)良特性;設(shè)計了檢測系統(tǒng)的硬件組成,并對系統(tǒng)各部分硬件進(jìn)行了分析和選型;對系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場測試,通過對測試數(shù)據(jù)、測試條件及誤差的各項分析,進(jìn)一步說明了本系統(tǒng)相比于傳統(tǒng)校瞄方法在精度、分辨率以及效率等方面都有很大提高。實驗測試結(jié)果表明,該系統(tǒng)可在炮膛仰角0°~70°范圍內(nèi)對炮膛的微角偏移量進(jìn)行全程測試,其分辨率可達(dá)到0.001°,可廣泛應(yīng)用于不同口徑火炮炮膛的校瞄工作中。
[Abstract]:Micro-angle measurement has always occupied an important position in the field of daily life and industrial manufacturing testing. The mechanical testing methods used in the past are not enough to meet the needs of modern industrial development, and the test process is automated. Digitization is the main research direction of micro angle measurement. Among the many micro-angle measurement methods, optical angulation method is widely used because of its high accuracy and non-contact measurement. Aiming at the shortcomings of low automation, low resolution and low precision in the calibration of artillery before it is out of factory, a novel laser micro-angle detecting and pointing system is designed. The system is composed of a position sensitive detector (PSD), collimating parallel laser tube and a two-dimensional precise rotation controller. By using photoelectric conversion and signal processing techniques, the micro-angle offset of the gun chamber can be obtained in real time, and the high precision test is completed. The shortcomings of the traditional calibration methods are effectively improved. Combined with the basic goal of the research, the excellent characteristics of laser as the optical angle-measuring light source are deeply studied, the hardware composition of the detection system is designed, and the hardware of each part of the system is analyzed and selected. Through the analysis of test data, test conditions and errors, it is further proved that compared with the traditional calibration method, the system has a great improvement in precision, resolution and efficiency. The experimental results show that the system can be used to measure the micro angle offset of the gun in the range of 0 擄~ 70 擄, and its resolution can reach 0.001 擄. The system can be widely used in the calibration of gun bore with different caliber.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TJ306;TN249

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