【摘要】：由于波長(zhǎng)短、頻率高、頻帶寬等特點(diǎn),微波管被廣泛應(yīng)用于雷達(dá)、電子對(duì)抗、通信等領(lǐng)域中。微波管是一種通過電子注與微波的相互作用,將電子注的能量轉(zhuǎn)化為微波能量,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)微波信號(hào)放大的電子系統(tǒng)。隨著軍事、經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面的發(fā)展,人們?cè)谖⒉ü艿墓ぷ黝l率、工作效率、工作帶寬等方面建立了更高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。而多電子注微波管能夠在一定程度上滿足這些需求。作為微波管的重要組成部分之一,收集極主要通過回收從互作用區(qū)出來的廢電子注能量來提高微波管的效率。本文基于微波管模擬器套裝MTSS對(duì)多電子注收集極設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行研究,主要圍繞以下幾個(gè)方面來展開。本論文對(duì)收集極內(nèi)場(chǎng)強(qiáng)進(jìn)行分析,并對(duì)收集極性能進(jìn)行理論計(jì)算。由于收集極各級(jí)電極所加電壓不同,所以收集極內(nèi)會(huì)有一定的電場(chǎng)分布,電子注內(nèi)電子由于受到電場(chǎng)力的作用,其運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡會(huì)發(fā)生變化,從而對(duì)收集極性能產(chǎn)生影響。本論文利用三種方法對(duì)收集極內(nèi)電場(chǎng)分布進(jìn)行計(jì)算,最終得到收集極內(nèi)縱向方向的場(chǎng)強(qiáng)與橫向方向場(chǎng)強(qiáng)之比與該點(diǎn)位置有關(guān)。這里假設(shè)該比值為一個(gè)定值,通過對(duì)入口條件進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)算出電子打在收集極上的位置,從而計(jì)算出收集極的效率及回流率,最終計(jì)算效率與仿真效率最大相差2.4%,最小相差0.72%。由于單注收集極的設(shè)計(jì)是多電子注收集極設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ),所以本論文對(duì)單電子注收集極的設(shè)計(jì)方面也進(jìn)行了相關(guān)的研究。在多級(jí)降壓收集極的設(shè)計(jì)中,各電極尺寸的選取是設(shè)計(jì)中的重點(diǎn)。這里提出了一種收集極電極參數(shù)的計(jì)算方法,通過計(jì)算電子打在各級(jí)電極上所產(chǎn)生的熱功率來計(jì)算各電極的基本結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸。最終所得到收集極的效率為81.42%,對(duì)其進(jìn)行優(yōu)化后效率達(dá)到84.25%。在單電子注收集極的基礎(chǔ)上,本文對(duì)多電子注收集極的結(jié)構(gòu)也進(jìn)行了相關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)。利用單電子注收集極結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸的計(jì)算方法對(duì)四電子注收集極的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸進(jìn)行計(jì)算,并利用MTSS對(duì)其進(jìn)行建模仿真。最終得到的收集極效率達(dá)到81.36%。本文也對(duì)多電子注收集極優(yōu)化過程中的關(guān)鍵因素進(jìn)行了分析,并對(duì)優(yōu)化后的多電子注收集極所應(yīng)滿足的要求進(jìn)行了說明。
[Abstract]:Because of the characteristics of short wavelength, high frequency and bandwidth, microwave tube is widely used in radar, electronic countermeasure, communication and other fields. Microwave tube is an electronic system which converts the energy of electron beam into microwave energy through the interaction of electron beam and microwave, and realizes the amplification of microwave signal. With the development of military, economy and so on, people have established higher standards in microwave tube working frequency, working efficiency, working bandwidth and so on. The multiple electron beam microwave tube can meet these needs to some extent. As one of the important components of microwave tube, collector improves the efficiency of microwave tube mainly by recovering the energy of waste electron beam from the interaction region. In this paper, the design of multi-electron beam collector based on microwave tube simulator MTSS is studied, which is mainly focused on the following aspects. In this paper, the internal field strength of the collector is analyzed, and the performance of the collector is calculated theoretically. Due to the different voltage applied on the collector electrode, there will be a certain electric field distribution in the collector, and the electron trajectory in the electron beam will change because of the effect of the electric field force, which will have an effect on the collection polarity energy. In this paper, three methods are used to calculate the electric field distribution in the collector. Finally, the ratio of the field intensity in the longitudinal direction to the transverse field intensity in the collecting pole is related to the position of the point. It is assumed that the ratio is a certain value. By analyzing the entry conditions, the position of the electron on the collecting pole is calculated, and the efficiency of the collector and the reflux rate are calculated. The maximum difference between the calculated efficiency and the simulation efficiency is 2.4%. The minimum difference is 0.72%. Since the design of single electron beam collector is the basis of multi electron beam collector design, this paper also studies the design of single electron beam collector. In the design of multistage step-down collector, the selection of electrode size is the key point in the design. A method for calculating the parameters of the collector electrode is presented in this paper. The basic structural dimensions of each electrode are calculated by calculating the thermal power generated by the electronic beating on the electrode at all levels. The final efficiency of the collector is 81.42, and the efficiency of the optimized collector is 84.25. On the basis of single electron beam collector, the structure of multi electron beam collector is also designed. The structure size of the four-electron beam collector is calculated by using the method of calculating the structure size of the single electron beam collector, and the MTSS is used to model and simulate the structure size of the four-electron beam collector. The final collection efficiency is 81.36. In this paper, the key factors in the optimization of multi-electron beam collector are also analyzed, and the requirements of the optimized multi-electron beam collector are explained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN12

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本文編號(hào)：2354170