【摘要】：單光子探測技術結合時間相關單光子計數(shù)方法(TCSPC)將探測靈敏度提升至量子極限,在遠距離或弱光眼安全激光測距和三維成像中有重要應用價值。然而在強背景光環(huán)境中,單光子探測器動態(tài)范圍有限且容易飽和。而在無法長時間累計測量的情況下,由于沒有足夠的累積計數(shù),TCSPC無法抑制背景噪聲。本文提出將光子數(shù)分辨探測方法應用于激光測距,提高了光子探測器動態(tài)范圍和測量速率,解決了實際應用中遠距離、強背景、和高速移動目標的測量難題。我們發(fā)展了基于多像素光子計數(shù)器(MPPC)的光子數(shù)分辨探測器,最大可分辨光子數(shù)超過10個�；诠庾訑�(shù)分辨探測器,不僅使激光測距系統(tǒng)的探測靈敏度達到了單光子水平,并且獲得了回波脈沖的光子數(shù)信息,通過提高光子數(shù)閾值,有效地抑制了背景干擾。實驗中,當光子數(shù)閾值為5光子／脈沖時,噪聲計數(shù)降低了1個數(shù)量級。但是,由于MPPC光子數(shù)分辨探測器的暗計數(shù)大,尤其是像素點之間的串擾嚴重,使得多光子計數(shù)概率遠超過實際背景光的多光子分布,消弱了光子數(shù)分辨探測方法消除背景的能力。針對MPPC光子數(shù)分辨探測器的以上不足,我們提出了多通道單光子探測器符合計數(shù)激光測距方法,降低探測器噪聲,消除了多像素探測器之間的串擾,提高了抑制背景噪聲的能力。通過雙通道單光子探測器符合計數(shù)方法,信噪比提高到了8.54dB。在強背景光的環(huán)境下,單通道單光子探測器的背景計數(shù)高達5M/秒,在少光子數(shù)水平下,只探測單個激光脈沖即可實現(xiàn)快速移動目標的距離測量。
[Abstract]:The single-photon detection technique combined with the time-dependent single-photon counting method (TCSPC) increases the detection sensitivity to the quantum limit and has important application value in the remote or weak optical eye safe laser ranging and 3D imaging. However, in strong background light environment, the dynamic range of single photon detector is limited and easy to saturation. However, TCSPC can not suppress background noise because there is not enough cumulative count for long time accumulative measurement. In this paper, the application of photon digital resolution detection method to laser ranging is proposed, which improves the dynamic range and the measuring rate of the photon detector, and solves the problems of measuring long distance, strong background and high speed moving target in practical application. We have developed a photon number resolution detector based on the multipixel photon counter (MPPC). The maximum resolvable photon number is more than 10. Based on the photon digital resolution detector, the detection sensitivity of the laser ranging system is not only up to the single photon level, but also the photon number information of the echo pulse is obtained. By raising the threshold of the photon number, the background interference is effectively suppressed. In the experiment, when the threshold of photon number is 5 photon / pulse, the noise count is reduced by one order of magnitude. However, due to the large dark count of the MPPC photon number resolution detector, especially the serious crosstalk between pixels, the multiphoton counting probability is far greater than the multi-photon distribution of the actual background light. It weakens the ability of photon number resolution detection method to eliminate background. In view of the above shortcomings of the MPPC photon digital resolution detector, we propose a multi-channel single-photon detector coincidence counting laser ranging method, which reduces the detector noise and eliminates the crosstalk between the multi-pixel detectors. The ability of suppressing background noise is improved. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is increased to 8.54 dB by the coincidence counting method of two-channel single-photon detector. In the environment of strong background light, the background count of single-channel single-photon detector is as high as 5M/ second. At the level of small photon number, the distance measurement of fast moving target can be realized by only detecting a single laser pulse.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TN249

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