【摘要】：隨著對微波技術(shù)的不斷研究,對微波電路小型化、低功耗、低成本的需求也在日益增長。自振混頻技術(shù)是集混頻功能和本振功能于一體的技術(shù),可以在一個有源器件上實現(xiàn)兩種功能。將該技術(shù)應(yīng)用在接收機前端,可以簡化電路的結(jié)構(gòu)并降低成本。自振混頻技術(shù)在雷達系統(tǒng)、輻射計、通信系統(tǒng)等很多領(lǐng)域都展現(xiàn)出巨大潛力,因此有必要對自振混頻技術(shù)進行深入的研究。本文介紹了自振混頻技術(shù)的發(fā)展動態(tài)和工作機理,通過基于輔助源電路的諧波平衡方法對自振混頻器進行仿真分析及優(yōu)化,并對該方法進行了詳細分析。以提高變頻增益和提升信號接收靈敏度為目標(biāo),分別研制了X波段自振混頻器、二次諧波自振混頻器和三次諧波自振混頻器。本文首先研制了X波段振蕩器,對振蕩器的工作原理進行分析后,分別對振蕩器各部分結(jié)構(gòu)進行設(shè)計,并進行小信號分析及大信號分析。該振蕩器實現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定起振,振蕩頻率12GHz,輸出功率9.83dBm,為研制自振混頻器起到鋪墊作用。其次,采用FET管研制了性能優(yōu)良的X波段自振混頻器,該自振混頻器實現(xiàn)接收靈敏度-90dBm,在-42dBm變頻增益達到最大值為5.5dB。諧波自振混頻技術(shù)是基于基波自振混頻技術(shù)的更深層次研究。對諧波自振混頻技術(shù)的原理和特點進行分析后,采用平衡式結(jié)構(gòu)研制諧波自振混頻器。在輸出端采用同相疊加功率合成的結(jié)構(gòu)研制出二次諧波自振混頻器,實現(xiàn)接收靈敏度-90dBm,最大變頻增益2.7dB。同時在輸出端采用巴倫結(jié)構(gòu)研制出三次諧波自振混頻器,并實現(xiàn)接收靈敏度-80dBm,最大變頻增益3.5dB。最后,本文提出將鎖相環(huán)與自振混頻技術(shù)相結(jié)合,以提升自振混頻器工作的穩(wěn)定性和變頻增益。在分析了鎖相環(huán)的工作原理后,基于自振混頻器的電路拓撲結(jié)構(gòu),提出了鎖相電路實現(xiàn)方案。鎖相環(huán)電路采用單環(huán)整數(shù)分頻的實現(xiàn)方案,設(shè)計相應(yīng)有源環(huán)路濾波器,對X波段自振混頻器實現(xiàn)鎖定,鎖定頻率12GHz,最終實現(xiàn)變頻增益最大值為8.8dB。本文對自振混頻技術(shù)進行了深入的分析和研究,對電路的小型化具有積極推動作用及參考價值。
[Abstract]:With the continuous research of microwave technology, the demand for miniaturization, low power consumption and low cost of microwave circuits is increasing day by day. The self-vibration mixing technology is a technology that integrates the mixing function and the local oscillator function, and can realize two functions on one active device. The application of this technique in the front end of the receiver can simplify the circuit structure and reduce the cost. The natural mixing technology has shown great potential in many fields, such as radar system, radiometer, communication system and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply study the natural vibration mixing technology. This paper introduces the development trend and working mechanism of the self-vibration mixing technology. The harmonic balance method based on auxiliary source circuit is used to simulate and optimize the self-vibrating mixer, and the method is analyzed in detail. In order to improve the frequency conversion gain and the signal receiving sensitivity, the X-band self-oscillating mixer, the second-harmonic self-oscillating mixer and the third-harmonic self-oscillating mixer are developed respectively. In this paper, the X-band oscillator is first developed. After analyzing the working principle of the oscillator, the structure of each part of the oscillator is designed, and the small signal analysis and the large signal analysis are carried out. The oscillation frequency is 12 GHz and the output power is 9.83 dBm, which can pave the way for the development of the self-oscillating mixer. Secondly, an X-band self-oscillating mixer with excellent performance is developed by using FET transistor. The self-oscillating mixer achieves a receiving sensitivity of -90dBm and a maximum gain of 5.5 dB at -42dBm. Harmonic self-mixing technology is based on the fundamental wave self-mixing technology deeper research. After analyzing the principle and characteristics of harmonic self-vibration mixing technology, the harmonic self-vibration mixer is developed with balanced structure. The second harmonic self-oscillating mixer is developed by using the structure of in-phase superposition power combination at the output. The receiver sensitivity is -90 dBm and the maximum frequency conversion gain is 2.7 dB. At the same time, the third harmonic self-oscillating mixer is developed with Barron structure at the output. The receiver sensitivity is -80 dBm and the maximum frequency conversion gain is 3.5 dB. Finally, this paper proposes to combine the phase-locked loop with the self-oscillation mixing technology to improve the stability and frequency conversion gain of the self-oscillating mixer. After analyzing the working principle of PLL, based on the circuit topology structure of self-oscillating mixer, the realization scheme of PLL is put forward. The phase-locked loop circuit adopts the scheme of single-loop integer frequency division, and the corresponding active loop filter is designed. The X-band self-oscillating mixer is locked, the frequency is locked at 12GHz, and the maximum frequency conversion gain is 8.8 dB. In this paper, the technology of natural vibration mixing is deeply analyzed and studied, which has a positive effect on the miniaturization of the circuit and has a reference value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN773

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本文編號：2222020