【摘要】：微波輻射計定標(biāo)技術(shù)是實(shí)現(xiàn)其定量化遙感應(yīng)用的先決條件。全極化微波輻射計作為一種被動微波遙感器,不但可以測量目標(biāo)微波輻射信號的兩個交叉極化分量,還能夠測量其復(fù)相關(guān)量。要想實(shí)現(xiàn)全極化微波輻射計高精度定標(biāo),就需要一個能產(chǎn)生亮溫已知且穩(wěn)定的全極化微波輻射定標(biāo)基準(zhǔn)。目前,現(xiàn)有常用的自然定標(biāo)源和常規(guī)人造定標(biāo)源都不能產(chǎn)生帶有全部stokes參數(shù)的精確已知的輻射亮溫信號,迫切需要研制全極化定標(biāo)源,研究全極化定標(biāo)應(yīng)用技術(shù)。本文針對全極化微波輻射計定標(biāo)的需求,研制出了一種新型全極化定標(biāo)源,通過旋轉(zhuǎn)極化線柵產(chǎn)生輸出可調(diào)節(jié)的四個Stokes參數(shù)亮溫。本文首先根據(jù)電磁波傳播理論,推導(dǎo)出了線極化源和相位延遲器的亮溫理論公式。然后進(jìn)行了全極化定標(biāo)源的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計和關(guān)鍵部件的研制,研制出了一種新型的全極化定標(biāo)源工程樣機(jī)。最后開展了全極化定標(biāo)源關(guān)鍵零部件的性能測試、全極化定標(biāo)源系統(tǒng)測試和全極化微波輻射計定標(biāo)應(yīng)用研究,對全極化定標(biāo)源的的性能和應(yīng)用效果進(jìn)行了評價和驗(yàn)證。本文研制的新型全極化定標(biāo)源在國際上首次采用了雙極化線柵和平面反射鏡組合的新型體制,論文的創(chuàng)新性還包括:1)應(yīng)用電磁波傳輸理論推導(dǎo)出了新型全極化定標(biāo)源輻射傳輸理論公式,給出熱輻射源的電磁波經(jīng)過線極化源和新型相位延遲器的亮溫表述形式,從而建立了新型定標(biāo)源的理論模型,并給出了4個stokes亮溫參數(shù)的模擬仿真結(jié)果;2)研制出了一種輻射黑體用吸波材料,并利用該型吸波材料制作完成了微波輻射黑體,經(jīng)過測試,多項(xiàng)性能指標(biāo)優(yōu)于國外同類型號產(chǎn)品,實(shí)現(xiàn)了輻射黑體用吸波材料的國產(chǎn)化,為我國今后各類型微波輻射計定標(biāo)源的研制和生產(chǎn)解決了原材料方面的瓶頸問題;3)研制出了極化分離線柵纏繞裝置,制作出了極化分離線柵產(chǎn)品,實(shí)現(xiàn)了極化分離線柵的國產(chǎn)化,技術(shù)性能滿足微波輻射計定標(biāo)需要;4)對整個全極化定標(biāo)源進(jìn)行了工業(yè)化產(chǎn)品化的設(shè)計和布局,使之更加實(shí)用,方便作為定標(biāo)測試設(shè)備使用,改進(jìn)了極化旋轉(zhuǎn)方式,利于在各種環(huán)境下應(yīng)用;5)開展的全極化微波輻射計實(shí)驗(yàn)室和星上定標(biāo)方法研究,對今后相關(guān)應(yīng)用方法的完善奠定了技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The calibration technology of microwave radiometer is a prerequisite for its quantitative remote sensing application. As a passive microwave remote sensor, the fully polarized microwave radiometer can not only measure the two cross-polarized components of the target microwave radiation signal, but also measure its complex correlation. In order to achieve high precision calibration of fully polarized microwave radiometers, a fully polarized microwave radiometric calibration standard with known and stable brightness temperature is needed. At present, the existing natural calibration sources and conventional man-made calibration sources can not produce accurate and known radiative bright temperature signals with all stokes parameters. Therefore, it is urgent to develop fully polarized calibration sources and to study the full polarization calibration technology. In this paper, a new type of fully polarized calibration source is developed to meet the requirements of full-polarization microwave radiometer calibration. Four Stokes parameters bright temperature with adjustable output are generated by rotating polarization-line gate. In this paper, based on the theory of electromagnetic wave propagation, the theoretical formulas of brightness temperature of linear polarization source and phase delay are derived. Then, the system design and key components of the full polarization calibration source are designed, and a new type of full polarization calibration source engineering prototype is developed. Finally, the performance test of the key parts of the full polarization calibration source, the testing of the full polarization calibration source system and the application research of the full polarization microwave radiometer are carried out. The performance and application effect of the full polarization calibration source are evaluated and verified. In this paper, a new type of fully polarized calibration source has been developed in the world for the first time, a new type of combination of double polarization line gate and planar reflector has been adopted. The innovation of the thesis also includes: (1) applying the electromagnetic wave transmission theory to deduce the theoretical formula of the radiation transfer of a new type of fully polarized calibrated source, and giving the expression form of the electromagnetic wave passing through the line polarization source and the bright temperature of the new type of phase retarder of the thermal radiation source. The theoretical model of the new calibration source is established, and the simulation results of four stokes bright temperature parameters are given. A kind of absorbing material for radiation blackbody is developed, and the microwave radiation blackbody is fabricated by using this type of absorbing material. A number of performance indexes are superior to those of similar types of foreign products, and the localization of absorbing materials for radiation blackbodies has been realized. For the future development and production of various types of microwave radiometer calibration sources in China, the bottleneck problem in raw materials is solved. (3) the polarization separation line gate winding device is developed, and the polarized separation line gate product is made. The localization of polarization separation line gate is realized, and the technical performance meets the requirement of microwave radiometer calibration. (4) the industrial design and layout of the whole polarimetric calibration source are carried out, which makes it more practical and convenient to be used as calibration testing equipment. The method of polarization rotation is improved, which is beneficial to the research of the full polarization microwave radiometer laboratory and onboard calibration method in various environments, which lays a technical foundation for the improvement of the relevant application methods in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院國家空間科學(xué)中心
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN015

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