基于FPGA的激光測速系統(tǒng)設(shè)計
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-04 09:41
【摘要】：無論是在現(xiàn)代的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中還是在前沿的科學(xué)技術(shù)研究中,高速飛行的物體的初速度測量技術(shù)對現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展都有著非常重要的推動作用。對于研究高速飛行物體的運動性能、飛行軌跡以及飛行的姿態(tài)等重要特性,測量其初速度具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。本文立足于傳統(tǒng)的激光測距原理之上,對傳統(tǒng)的激光測速方法加以優(yōu)化,開發(fā)出了一套反應(yīng)時間快、測量精度高的激光測速方案,實現(xiàn)了對航天器從發(fā)射裝置中發(fā)射出時的速度測量。針對于測量現(xiàn)場環(huán)境所產(chǎn)生的各種噪聲,本系統(tǒng)設(shè)計采用高靈敏度、高反應(yīng)時間的光電二極管對激光信號加以采集,同時通過前置放大器和高速比較器對采集到的信號濾波調(diào)理,最終能夠成功的提取出信號的邊沿變化。最后,在采用以FPGA+MCU為核心構(gòu)架的系統(tǒng),對信號進(jìn)行處理,這不僅對測速方案進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步的優(yōu)化,而且也能夠保證系統(tǒng)的測量精度。相對于目前廣泛使用的測速系統(tǒng),本系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計不僅提高了速度的測量精度,而且響應(yīng)速度塊,能夠在較短的時間內(nèi)得到航天器的飛行速度。所設(shè)計的測速儀調(diào)節(jié)方便、體積小巧便于攜帶,非常適合在各種場合進(jìn)行速度的測量。本課題的研究內(nèi)容主要從七個方面進(jìn)行描述,具體如下:(1)對多種測速方法進(jìn)行了一個簡單的分析、比較,包括線圈測速法、雷達(dá)測速法、視頻攝影測速法、GPS測速法以及激光測速法。著重研究了兩種激光測速法。(2)在選定了激光測速的方法后,以此激光測速方法為基礎(chǔ),根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計要求,對原有的激光測速方法進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。(3)對激光接收模塊進(jìn)行設(shè)計,光電二極管選用工業(yè)級的NJL6201R-1,其響應(yīng)速度快、性能優(yōu)越,通過光電二極管轉(zhuǎn)化的電信號通過前置放大器AD8015后再通過高速比較器ADCMP600進(jìn)行信號的整形。對上述的芯片進(jìn)行了一個簡單的介紹,并且給出了整個模塊的電路設(shè)計圖。(4)高精度計時模塊的設(shè)計:以FPGA芯片為核心,采用脈沖計數(shù)法對航天器經(jīng)過固定距離的運動時間進(jìn)行計數(shù)。當(dāng)接收到計數(shù)起始脈沖時,FPGA利用其內(nèi)部的高精度時鐘開始計數(shù),直到接收到停止計數(shù)的脈沖信號。(5)數(shù)據(jù)的處理模塊的設(shè)計:當(dāng)MCU芯片接收到FPGA計數(shù)結(jié)束的中斷信號后,開始讀取FPGA的計數(shù)值,依據(jù)既定的通信協(xié)議接收到數(shù)據(jù)后,進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的處理。(6)無線模塊的設(shè)計:采用433MHz的無線傳輸模塊,無線傳輸芯片選擇Si4463,當(dāng)MCU數(shù)據(jù)處理結(jié)束后通過此模塊將相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸給協(xié)調(diào)器。(7)顯示模塊設(shè)計:一方面通過液晶顯示屏LCD1602A顯示單片機處理后的速度值,并且可以根據(jù)按鍵來操作以顯示存儲在flash中的數(shù)據(jù);另一方面通過上位機將無線傳輸模塊傳送過來的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,以方便查看。本課題的激光測速系統(tǒng),其測量的速度范圍為:0.36km/h~3600km/h,系統(tǒng)誤差:≤0.5%。
[Abstract]:The initial velocity measurement technology of high speed flying objects has a very important role in promoting the development of modernization, whether in modern industrial production or in the frontier of scientific and technological research. For the study of the important characteristics of high speed flying objects, such as the motion performance, flight trajectory and flight attitude, the initial velocity of the high-speed flying object is measured. In this paper, based on the traditional laser ranging principle, this paper optimizes the traditional method of laser velocity measurement, develops a set of laser velocity measurement scheme with fast reaction time and high measurement precision, and realizes the velocity measurement for the launch of the spacecraft from the launcher. The system uses a high sensitivity, high reaction time photodiode to collect the laser signal. At the same time, through the preamplifier and the high-speed comparator, the signal filtering is adjusted by the preamplifier and the high-speed comparator. Finally, the edge change of the signal can be extracted successfully. Finally, the system using the FPGA+MCU as the core frame is used to signal the signal. In line processing, this not only further optimizes the speed measurement scheme, but also ensures the measurement accuracy of the system. Compared with the current widely used speed measuring system, the design of this system not only improves the accuracy of velocity measurement, but also responds to speed blocks in a relatively short time. The speed meter is easy to adjust, compact and portable, and is very suitable for measuring speed in various occasions. The research content of this subject is described mainly from seven aspects. (1) a simple analysis of various speed measuring methods is carried out, including coil speed measurement, radar velocity measurement, video velocity measurement, and GPS velocity measurement. And laser velocimetry. Two laser velocimetry. (2) based on the method of laser velocity measurement, based on the method of laser velocity measurement, according to the design requirements of the system, the original laser velocity measurement method is optimized. (3) the laser receiving module is designed, the photodiode is selected as the industrial NJL6201R-1, and its response speed Fast, superior performance, through the electric signal converted by photodiode through the preamplifier AD8015 and then through the high speed comparator ADCMP600 to carry out the signal shaping. A simple introduction to the chip is carried out, and the circuit design diagram of the whole module is given. (4) the design of the high precision timing module: the core of the FPGA chip, mining A pulse counting method is used to count the motion time of the spacecraft through a fixed distance. When the counting start pulse is received, the FPGA starts counting with its internal high precision clock until the stop count is received. (5) the design of the data processing module: when the MCU chip receives the interrupt signal at the end of the FPGA count, it begins. Read the value of FPGA, and process the data after receiving the data according to the established communication protocol. (6) the design of the wireless module: using the wireless transmission module of 433MHz, the wireless transmission chip to select Si4463, and transmit the related data to the coordinator through this module after the end of the MCU data processing. (7) the design of the module: on the one hand, through the module design The liquid crystal display screen LCD1602A displays the speed value after the microprocessor processing, and can operate according to the key to display the data stored in the flash; on the other hand, the related data transmitted over the wireless transmission module by the upper computer is displayed to facilitate the view. The speed range of this subject is measured at the speed range of: 0.36km/h~3600 Km/h, system error: less than 0.5%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN249
本文編號：2163451
[Abstract]:The initial velocity measurement technology of high speed flying objects has a very important role in promoting the development of modernization, whether in modern industrial production or in the frontier of scientific and technological research. For the study of the important characteristics of high speed flying objects, such as the motion performance, flight trajectory and flight attitude, the initial velocity of the high-speed flying object is measured. In this paper, based on the traditional laser ranging principle, this paper optimizes the traditional method of laser velocity measurement, develops a set of laser velocity measurement scheme with fast reaction time and high measurement precision, and realizes the velocity measurement for the launch of the spacecraft from the launcher. The system uses a high sensitivity, high reaction time photodiode to collect the laser signal. At the same time, through the preamplifier and the high-speed comparator, the signal filtering is adjusted by the preamplifier and the high-speed comparator. Finally, the edge change of the signal can be extracted successfully. Finally, the system using the FPGA+MCU as the core frame is used to signal the signal. In line processing, this not only further optimizes the speed measurement scheme, but also ensures the measurement accuracy of the system. Compared with the current widely used speed measuring system, the design of this system not only improves the accuracy of velocity measurement, but also responds to speed blocks in a relatively short time. The speed meter is easy to adjust, compact and portable, and is very suitable for measuring speed in various occasions. The research content of this subject is described mainly from seven aspects. (1) a simple analysis of various speed measuring methods is carried out, including coil speed measurement, radar velocity measurement, video velocity measurement, and GPS velocity measurement. And laser velocimetry. Two laser velocimetry. (2) based on the method of laser velocity measurement, based on the method of laser velocity measurement, according to the design requirements of the system, the original laser velocity measurement method is optimized. (3) the laser receiving module is designed, the photodiode is selected as the industrial NJL6201R-1, and its response speed Fast, superior performance, through the electric signal converted by photodiode through the preamplifier AD8015 and then through the high speed comparator ADCMP600 to carry out the signal shaping. A simple introduction to the chip is carried out, and the circuit design diagram of the whole module is given. (4) the design of the high precision timing module: the core of the FPGA chip, mining A pulse counting method is used to count the motion time of the spacecraft through a fixed distance. When the counting start pulse is received, the FPGA starts counting with its internal high precision clock until the stop count is received. (5) the design of the data processing module: when the MCU chip receives the interrupt signal at the end of the FPGA count, it begins. Read the value of FPGA, and process the data after receiving the data according to the established communication protocol. (6) the design of the wireless module: using the wireless transmission module of 433MHz, the wireless transmission chip to select Si4463, and transmit the related data to the coordinator through this module after the end of the MCU data processing. (7) the design of the module: on the one hand, through the module design The liquid crystal display screen LCD1602A displays the speed value after the microprocessor processing, and can operate according to the key to display the data stored in the flash; on the other hand, the related data transmitted over the wireless transmission module by the upper computer is displayed to facilitate the view. The speed range of this subject is measured at the speed range of: 0.36km/h~3600 Km/h, system error: less than 0.5%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN249
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