【摘要】：磁場(chǎng)廣泛存在于我們周圍的空間中。磁場(chǎng)的精密測(cè)量在多個(gè)領(lǐng)域有著非常重要的應(yīng)用,如地質(zhì)勘探、軍事導(dǎo)航、醫(yī)學(xué)診斷和工業(yè)制造等。因此高精度的磁場(chǎng)測(cè)量技術(shù)成為了國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)界的重點(diǎn)研究方向之一。隨著原子物理與激光技術(shù)的發(fā)展,近十年來(lái)高精度原子磁力儀的研究得到了快速的發(fā)展。光泵磁力儀是一種高靈敏度與高精度的原子磁力儀。在本文工作中,我們研制了一臺(tái)用于弱磁探測(cè)的Rb原子Bell-Bloom光泵磁力儀(以下簡(jiǎn)稱BB光泵磁力儀)。BB光泵磁力儀不需要射頻場(chǎng)的激勵(lì),而是基于激光光源的調(diào)制來(lái)激發(fā)磁共振,因而在多通道磁探測(cè)器與梯度儀的研究中具有獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì)。通過(guò)研究對(duì)比,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)激光偏振態(tài)的調(diào)制獲得信號(hào)靈敏度優(yōu)于對(duì)激光頻率或幅度的調(diào)制。為了適合于無(wú)磁屏蔽環(huán)境的應(yīng)用,我們還研制了基于上述方案的磁場(chǎng)梯度儀,并對(duì)其性能進(jìn)行了研究與分析。本論文的第一章闡述了磁場(chǎng)測(cè)量的意義,介紹與對(duì)比了幾種原子磁力儀的測(cè)磁原理及特點(diǎn),并分析了目前磁力儀的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。第二章主要闡述了BB光泵磁力儀的測(cè)磁原理,包括Rb原子的能級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)與塞曼效應(yīng)、光泵浦效應(yīng)以及BB光泵的光磁共振原理等。第三章詳細(xì)介紹了激光偏振態(tài)調(diào)制的BB光泵磁力儀的實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,包括光源部分,磁傳感部分以及信號(hào)探測(cè)部分,用該磁力儀系統(tǒng)分別測(cè)量了0.5nT、0.2nT、0.1 nT以及0.05nT的磁場(chǎng)臺(tái)階信號(hào),分析了磁力儀的分辨能力。通過(guò)分析磁場(chǎng)信號(hào)的噪聲功率譜,在10Hz處磁力儀獲得了2pT/Hz1/2的靈敏度。此外,用優(yōu)化后的系統(tǒng)分別測(cè)量了頻率為1Hz、2Hz、5Hz,幅度為400pT的模擬心磁信號(hào),并對(duì)原始輸出信號(hào)做平均后的結(jié)果進(jìn)行了比較。第四章介紹了由雙路BB光泵磁力儀組成的磁場(chǎng)梯度儀的實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,介紹了在無(wú)磁屏蔽環(huán)境下,測(cè)量了由反亥姆赫茲線圈提供不同磁場(chǎng)梯度時(shí),梯度儀測(cè)得的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。最后一章進(jìn)行了總結(jié),并對(duì)該原子磁力儀系統(tǒng)的改進(jìn)與發(fā)展進(jìn)行了展望。
[Abstract]:Magnetic fields are widespread in the space around us. The precision measurement of magnetic field has important applications in many fields, such as geological exploration, military navigation, medical diagnosis and industrial manufacture. Therefore, high-precision magnetic field measurement technology has become one of the most important research directions in academic circles at home and abroad. With the development of atomic physics and laser technology, the research of high precision atomic magnetometer has been developed rapidly in recent ten years. Optical pump magnetometer is an atomic magnetometer with high sensitivity and precision. In this work, we have developed a RB atom Bell-Bloom optical pump magnetometer (hereinafter referred to as BB optical pump magnetometer) for weak magnetic field detection. The BB optical pump magnetometer does not need the excitation of RF field, but based on the modulation of laser light source to excite magnetic resonance. Therefore, it has a unique advantage in the research of multichannel magnetic detectors and gradiometers. By comparison, we find that the signal sensitivity of laser polarization modulation is better than that of laser frequency or amplitude modulation. In order to be suitable for the application of non-magnetic shielding environment, a magnetic gradiometer based on the above scheme is developed, and its performance is studied and analyzed. In the first chapter of this paper, the significance of magnetic field measurement is described, the principle and characteristics of several atomic magnetometers are introduced and compared, and the development trend of magnetometers is analyzed. In the second chapter, the magnetic principle of BB optical pump magnetometer is introduced, including the energy level structure and Zeeman effect of RB atom, the optical pump effect and the principle of optical magnetic resonance of BB optical pump. In the third chapter, the experimental equipment of the laser polarization modulated BB light pump magnetometer is introduced in detail, including the light source, the magnetic sensing part and the signal detection part. The magnetic field step signals of 0.5nT 0.2nT 0.1nT and 0.05nT are measured by this magnetometer system, respectively. The resolution ability of magnetometer is analyzed. By analyzing the noise power spectrum of magnetic field signal, the sensitivity of 2pT/Hz1/2 is obtained by magnetometer at 10Hz. In addition, the simulated cardiomagnetic signals with a frequency of 1 Hz ~ (2) Hz ~ (2) Hz ~ (5) Hz and an amplitude of 400pT are measured by the optimized system, and the results of the original output signals are compared. In chapter 4, the experimental device of the magnetic field gradiometer composed of double channel BB light pump magnetometer is introduced. The experimental results obtained by the gradiometer when the magnetic field gradient is provided by the anti-Helmhertz coil under the unshielded environment are introduced. In the last chapter, the improvement and development of the atomic magnetometer system are prospected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TN24

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