激光半主動(dòng)定位系統(tǒng)的性能提高研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-23 11:15
【摘要】：激光半主動(dòng)定位系統(tǒng)是一種接收目標(biāo)散射激光回波,解算目標(biāo)方位信息,實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)定位和跟蹤功能的系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)采用直接探測(cè)激光回波能量的方法,目前存在遠(yuǎn)距離探測(cè)時(shí)系統(tǒng)信噪比嚴(yán)重下降;低信噪比引起的系統(tǒng)測(cè)角精度嚴(yán)重下降等急需解決的問(wèn)題。本論文通過(guò)理論分析和推導(dǎo)、仿真和試驗(yàn)研究等手段,改善了激光半主動(dòng)定位系統(tǒng)的信噪比,提高了測(cè)角精度,實(shí)現(xiàn)了激光半主動(dòng)定位系統(tǒng)在月牙形光斑情況下正確解算目標(biāo)方位信息的功能。本文分析了激光半主動(dòng)定位系統(tǒng)偏振探測(cè)提高系統(tǒng)信噪比和Kalman濾波提高定位系統(tǒng)精度的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀。目前,針對(duì)該系統(tǒng)的性能提高研究,已報(bào)道出的國(guó)外研究進(jìn)展相對(duì)較少,且國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究主要集中在提高系統(tǒng)測(cè)角精度的研究,對(duì)系統(tǒng)信噪比和月牙形光斑的研究沒(méi)有報(bào)道。首先,針對(duì)激光半主動(dòng)定位系統(tǒng)遠(yuǎn)距離探測(cè)時(shí),系統(tǒng)信噪比嚴(yán)重降低的問(wèn)題,本文提出基于偏振檢測(cè)直接探測(cè)激光半主動(dòng)定位系統(tǒng)的方案,利用范數(shù)理論確定了偏振檢測(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)的參數(shù),推導(dǎo)得到了偏振探測(cè)激光半主動(dòng)定位系統(tǒng)的信號(hào)光和天空背景光的模型,給出了偏振探測(cè)模式下的目標(biāo)方位信息解算算法。搭建了偏振探測(cè)激光半主動(dòng)定位系統(tǒng)試驗(yàn)室驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),進(jìn)行了信噪比試驗(yàn)和目標(biāo)方位信息解算驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,偏振探測(cè)可將激光半主動(dòng)定位系統(tǒng)信號(hào)光與背景光強(qiáng)度比值SBR提高1.2倍左右,偏振探測(cè)模式下目標(biāo)方位信息解算試驗(yàn)結(jié)果也近似與理論仿真曲線吻合。然后,針對(duì)低信噪比導(dǎo)致直接探測(cè)激光半主動(dòng)定位系統(tǒng)的測(cè)角誤差增大,測(cè)角精度降低的問(wèn)題,本文分析了該系統(tǒng)測(cè)角精度的影響因素及其統(tǒng)計(jì)特性。推導(dǎo)了激光半主動(dòng)定位系統(tǒng)在恒定彈目偏差角和非恒定彈目偏差角兩種工作模式下的狀態(tài)空間描述,根據(jù)測(cè)角精度近似正態(tài)分布的特性選擇Kalman濾波提高該系統(tǒng)的測(cè)角精度。仿真研究了恒定彈目偏差角和非恒定彈目偏差角兩種工作模式下的測(cè)角精度,仿真結(jié)果表明,對(duì)于非恒定彈目偏差角工作狀態(tài),Kalman濾波可以將測(cè)角精度從0.50°提升至0.21°。對(duì)于恒定彈目偏差角工作狀態(tài),Kalman濾波可以將測(cè)角精度從0.50°提升至0.19°。搭建了直接探測(cè)激光半主動(dòng)定位系統(tǒng)試驗(yàn)室測(cè)角精度測(cè)量試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),進(jìn)行了Kalman濾波提高該系統(tǒng)測(cè)角精度試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,對(duì)于非恒定彈目偏差角工作狀態(tài),Kalman濾波可以將測(cè)角精度從1.24°提升至0.50°,對(duì)于恒定彈目偏差角工作狀態(tài),Kalman濾波可以將測(cè)角精度從0.12°提升至0.01°。最后,針對(duì)直接探測(cè)激光半主動(dòng)定位系統(tǒng)在工作時(shí),由于彈體阻擋目標(biāo)散射回波而在探測(cè)器光敏面上出現(xiàn)的月牙形光斑,本文分析了月牙形光斑的形成機(jī)理,給出了此種情況下的目標(biāo)方位信息解算算法。進(jìn)行了月牙形光斑目標(biāo)方位信息解算試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)結(jié)果曲線與仿真結(jié)果曲線近似吻合,有效將激光半主動(dòng)定位系統(tǒng)的視場(chǎng)角由±2.5°增大至±3.5°,提升了該系統(tǒng)的探測(cè)能力。
[Abstract]:The laser semi-active positioning system is a system that receives the target's azimuth information and realizes the target positioning and tracking function. The system uses the method of direct detection of the laser echo energy. The system has a serious decline in the signal to noise ratio of the system and the accuracy of the system angle measurement caused by the low signal to noise ratio is seriously reduced. By means of theoretical analysis and deduction, simulation and experimental research, this paper improves the signal to noise ratio of the laser semi-active positioning system, improves the accuracy of the angle measurement, and realizes the function of the correct solution of the target orientation information in the laser semi active positioning system in the case of the crescent light spot. Positioning system polarization detection improves the research status of system signal to noise ratio and Kalman filtering to improve the precision of positioning system. At present, in view of the performance improvement of the system, the reported foreign research progress is relatively small, and the research at home and abroad is mainly focused on improving the study of the system angle measurement accuracy and the system signal-to-noise ratio and crescent shape. The research of light spot is not reported. Firstly, in view of the problem that the signal to noise ratio of the system is seriously reduced when the laser semi-active positioning system is long distance detection, this paper proposes a scheme for the direct detection of the laser semi-active positioning system based on polarization detection. The polarization detection node is determined by the norm theory, and the polarization detection laser half master is derived. The signal light of the dynamic positioning system and the model of the sky background light are used to calculate the orientation information of the target in the polarization detection mode. A test system for the test room of the polarization detection laser semi-active positioning system is built, and the signal to noise ratio test and the target azimuth information solution test are carried out. The results show that the polarization detection can be excited. The ratio of the signal light to the background light intensity of the optical semi-active positioning system is increased by about 1.2 times. The results of the target azimuth calculation test under polarization detection mode are similar to that of the theoretical simulation curve. Then, the angle error of the direct detection laser semi-active positioning system is increased and the angle measurement precision is reduced by the low signal to noise ratio, which is caused by the low signal to noise ratio. The influence factors and the statistical characteristics of the angle measurement accuracy of the system are analyzed. The state space description of the laser semi-active positioning system under two operating modes of constant projectile deviation angle and unsteady projectile deviation angle is derived. According to the characteristic of the approximate normal distribution of the angle measurement accuracy, the Kalman filter is selected to improve the angle measurement accuracy of the system. The angle measurement accuracy under the two operating modes of constant projectile deviation angle and unsteady projectile deviation angle is investigated. The simulation results show that the Kalman filter can increase the angle measurement accuracy from 0.50 to 0.21 degrees for the working state of the unsteady projectile deviation angle. For the working state of the constant projectile deviation angle, the Kalman filter can improve the angle measurement accuracy from 0.50 degrees. To 0.19 degrees, a test system for measuring angle accuracy of the direct detection laser semi-active positioning system is built. The angle measurement accuracy test of the system is improved by Kalman filtering. The experimental results show that the Kalman filter can increase the angle measurement precision from 1.24 to 0.50, and to the constant projectile deviation. In the angle working state, the Kalman filter can improve the angle measurement accuracy from 0.12 to 0.01 degrees. Finally, this paper analyzes the formation mechanism of the moon shaped light spot for the direct detection of the laser semi active positioning system when the projectile blocks the target scattering echo on the detector's photosensitive surface. The target azimuth information solution algorithm is used to calculate the orientation information of the crescent spot target. The test result curve is approximately consistent with the simulation result curve, and the field angle of the laser semi-active positioning system is effectively increased from 2.5 to 3.5 degrees, and the detection ability of the system is improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN24
[Abstract]:The laser semi-active positioning system is a system that receives the target's azimuth information and realizes the target positioning and tracking function. The system uses the method of direct detection of the laser echo energy. The system has a serious decline in the signal to noise ratio of the system and the accuracy of the system angle measurement caused by the low signal to noise ratio is seriously reduced. By means of theoretical analysis and deduction, simulation and experimental research, this paper improves the signal to noise ratio of the laser semi-active positioning system, improves the accuracy of the angle measurement, and realizes the function of the correct solution of the target orientation information in the laser semi active positioning system in the case of the crescent light spot. Positioning system polarization detection improves the research status of system signal to noise ratio and Kalman filtering to improve the precision of positioning system. At present, in view of the performance improvement of the system, the reported foreign research progress is relatively small, and the research at home and abroad is mainly focused on improving the study of the system angle measurement accuracy and the system signal-to-noise ratio and crescent shape. The research of light spot is not reported. Firstly, in view of the problem that the signal to noise ratio of the system is seriously reduced when the laser semi-active positioning system is long distance detection, this paper proposes a scheme for the direct detection of the laser semi-active positioning system based on polarization detection. The polarization detection node is determined by the norm theory, and the polarization detection laser half master is derived. The signal light of the dynamic positioning system and the model of the sky background light are used to calculate the orientation information of the target in the polarization detection mode. A test system for the test room of the polarization detection laser semi-active positioning system is built, and the signal to noise ratio test and the target azimuth information solution test are carried out. The results show that the polarization detection can be excited. The ratio of the signal light to the background light intensity of the optical semi-active positioning system is increased by about 1.2 times. The results of the target azimuth calculation test under polarization detection mode are similar to that of the theoretical simulation curve. Then, the angle error of the direct detection laser semi-active positioning system is increased and the angle measurement precision is reduced by the low signal to noise ratio, which is caused by the low signal to noise ratio. The influence factors and the statistical characteristics of the angle measurement accuracy of the system are analyzed. The state space description of the laser semi-active positioning system under two operating modes of constant projectile deviation angle and unsteady projectile deviation angle is derived. According to the characteristic of the approximate normal distribution of the angle measurement accuracy, the Kalman filter is selected to improve the angle measurement accuracy of the system. The angle measurement accuracy under the two operating modes of constant projectile deviation angle and unsteady projectile deviation angle is investigated. The simulation results show that the Kalman filter can increase the angle measurement accuracy from 0.50 to 0.21 degrees for the working state of the unsteady projectile deviation angle. For the working state of the constant projectile deviation angle, the Kalman filter can improve the angle measurement accuracy from 0.50 degrees. To 0.19 degrees, a test system for measuring angle accuracy of the direct detection laser semi-active positioning system is built. The angle measurement accuracy test of the system is improved by Kalman filtering. The experimental results show that the Kalman filter can increase the angle measurement precision from 1.24 to 0.50, and to the constant projectile deviation. In the angle working state, the Kalman filter can improve the angle measurement accuracy from 0.12 to 0.01 degrees. Finally, this paper analyzes the formation mechanism of the moon shaped light spot for the direct detection of the laser semi active positioning system when the projectile blocks the target scattering echo on the detector's photosensitive surface. The target azimuth information solution algorithm is used to calculate the orientation information of the crescent spot target. The test result curve is approximately consistent with the simulation result curve, and the field angle of the laser semi-active positioning system is effectively increased from 2.5 to 3.5 degrees, and the detection ability of the system is improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN24
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本文編號(hào)：2139228
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