微納結構材料的制備及其應用性能研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-13 19:24
【摘要】：在眾多的金屬氧化物半導體中，TiO2以其無毒，性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定，抗腐蝕和價格低廉等突出優(yōu)點，成為目前研究最熱和最具有發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ墓獯呋瘎�，在污水處理，空氣凈化，石油污染物的清理，抗菌，農(nóng)藥降解等方面均得到了廣泛的應用。無機微納結構功能材料由于綜合了物質(zhì)本征效應，納米尺度效應和組合效應所產(chǎn)生的多功能性使其成為納米材料研究領域的熱點之一，并在催化、超疏水、水處理、能量轉(zhuǎn)換，藥物運輸?shù)确矫婢哂袕V闊的應用價值。因此，開發(fā)簡單、實用，可靠的化學法控制合成微納結構材料、探索其新的應用功能將具有重要的理論和實際意義。本論文主要遵循以設計合成為基礎，應用功能為導向的研究思想，突出材料低廉，方法簡單的特點。在水熱反應體系中，通過反應物料的選擇和反應條件的調(diào)控，設計合成了一系列分級微納結構材料，并探究了制備合成分級微納結構材料的主要影響因素。同時，對這些分級微納結構材料的光催化性能，超疏水性能等方面的實際應用進行了詳細和全面的研究，具體內(nèi)容包括： 1、微納結構TiO2@@SiO2/PVA納米纖維膜的制備及其光催化應用性能研究 首先制備了TiO2@@SiO2核殼中空納米粒子，其中，TiO2內(nèi)核和SiO2殼層之間擁有2-3nm的空間層，使得在載體上負載成為可能。然后通過靜電紡絲技術制備出微納結構TiO2@@SiO2/PVA纖維膜，其中，紡絲電壓，推進速度，接收距離，紡絲溶液質(zhì)量分數(shù)對PVA纖維的形貌具有重要影響，TiO2@@SiO2的質(zhì)量分數(shù)是影響微納結構TiO2@@SiO2/PVA纖維形貌的關鍵因素。通過熱重分析可知，TiO2@@SiO2核殼中空納米粒子的負載量為43%。由于微米尺度的PVA纖維的存在，使TiO2@@SiO2核殼中空納米粒子得到了高度的分散，徹底杜絕了團聚作用的發(fā)生，暴露出了最多的活性位點，而且，由于PVA納米纖維的高比表面積和孔隙率，能夠有效地吸附有機污染物到其表面，然后通過TiO2@@SiO2核殼中空納米粒子對其降解，極大的提高了降解速率。測試結果表明：微納結構TiO2@@SiO2/PVA纖維膜的光催化活性是P25納米粒子的2.5倍。 2、微納結構TiO2/CNTs材料的制備及其光催化性能研究 借助微納結構的結構特點，結合傳統(tǒng)水熱法的合成方法成功制備出了高分散的TiO2納米粒子，本實驗利用碳納米管作為載體，葡萄糖作為粘結劑，制備出了TiO2納米粒子均勻分布在碳納米管表面的分級微納結構TiO2/CNTs，經(jīng)過煅燒處理后獲得高分散的TiO2納米粒子。研究表明反應體系中碳納米管，葡萄糖溶液，反應時間是影響微納結構TiO2/CNTs的關鍵因素，并對TiO2納米粒子的比表面積，分散性等具有重要的影響。結果表明：高分散TiO2納米粒子的光催化活性是水熱制備得到的TiO2納米粒子光催化活性的3倍。 3、微納結構TiO2/CNTs材料的超疏水性能研究 首先制備出了微納結構TiO2/CNTs材料，然后通過沉積法獲得TiO2/CNTs表面，最后經(jīng)過氟化處理得到超疏水TiO2/CNTs表面。此方法的突出特點是，操作簡單，材料廉價。其中，，分級微納結構和低表面能表面是制備超疏水表面的關鍵因素，反應時間對TiO2/CNTs表面的超疏水性能具有重要的影響。結果表明：TiO2/CNTs表面具有穩(wěn)定的超疏水性能和油水分離能力，在工業(yè)含油污水處理和石油泄漏清理方面具有廣闊的應用前景。
[Abstract]:Among many metal oxide semiconductors, TiO2 has been widely used in the fields of sewage treatment, air purification, cleaning of petroleum pollutants, antibiosis, and pesticide degradation, due to its non-toxic, stable properties, corrosion resistance and low price and so on. It has been widely used in the fields of sewage treatment, air purification, cleaning of petroleum pollutants, antibacterial and pesticide degradation. The multi-functional properties produced by the nanoscale effect and combination effect make it one of the hotspots in the research field of nanomaterials, and have wide application value in catalysis, superhydrophobicity, water treatment, energy conversion and drug transport. Therefore, a simple, practical and reliable chemical method is developed. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to control the synthetic micro nano structure material and explore its new application function. This paper mainly follows the research idea based on the design and synthesis and the application function oriented. It highlights the characteristics of low material and simple method. In the hydrothermal reaction system, the selection of reaction materials and the regulation of reaction conditions are carried out in the hydrothermal reaction system. A series of graded micro nano structure materials were designed and synthesized, and the main factors affecting the preparation of the graded micro nano structure materials were investigated. Meanwhile, the practical applications of the photocatalytic properties and superhydrophobic properties of these graded micro nano structures were studied in detail and in detail.
1, preparation of micro nano structured TiO2@@SiO2/PVA nanofiber membrane and its photocatalytic properties.
The TiO2@@SiO2 core shell hollow nanoparticles are prepared, in which the space layer between the TiO2 core and the SiO2 shell has the space layer of 2-3nm, which makes it possible to load on the carrier. Then the micro nano structure TiO2@@SiO2/PVA fiber membrane is prepared by electrostatic spinning technology, in which the spinning voltage, the speed, the receiving distance, the mass fraction of the spinning solution to PVA The morphology of fiber has an important influence. The mass fraction of TiO2@@SiO2 is the key factor affecting the morphology of TiO2@@SiO2/PVA fibers. By thermogravimetric analysis, the load of TiO2@@SiO2 core shell hollow nanoparticles is 43%. because of the existence of PVA fiber in the micron scale, which makes the TiO2@@ SiO2 nuclear shell hollow nanoparticles get a high degree of separation. Dispersion has completely eliminated the occurrence of reunion, exposes the most active sites, and, due to the high specific surface area and porosity of PVA nanofibers, can effectively adsorb organic pollutants to its surface, and then degrade it through TiO2@@SiO2 core shell hollow nanoparticles, which greatly improves the degradation rate. The photocatalytic activity of nanofiltration TiO2@@SiO2/PVA fiber membrane is 2.5 times higher than that of P25 nanoparticles.
2, preparation and photocatalytic properties of micro nano structured TiO2/CNTs materials
With the help of the structure characteristics of micro nano structure, highly dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles have been successfully prepared by the traditional hydrothermal synthesis method. In this experiment, carbon nanotube was used as the carrier and glucose was used as a binder. The TiO2 nanoparticles distributed evenly on the surface of the carbon nanotube, TiO2/CNTs, which was calcined after calcining treatment. Highly dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles have been obtained. The results show that the carbon nanotube, glucose solution and reaction time are the key factors affecting the micro nano structure TiO2/CNTs in the reaction system, and have important influence on the specific surface area and dispersion of the TiO2 nanoparticles. The results show that the photocatalytic activity of the highly dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles is prepared by hydrothermal preparation. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles is 3 times that of the photocatalyst.
3, superhydrophobic properties of micro nano structured TiO2/CNTs materials
The micro nano structure TiO2/CNTs material was prepared, and then the surface of TiO2/CNTs was obtained by deposition, and the superhydrophobic TiO2/CNTs surface was obtained by fluorination. The protruding characteristic of this method is that the operation is simple and the material is cheap. The superhydrophobicity of the surface of TiO2/CNTs has an important effect. The results show that the surface of TiO2/CNTs has a stable super hydrophobicity and oil water separation ability. It has a broad application prospect in the treatment of oily wastewater and the cleaning of oil leakage.
【學位授予單位】：浙江理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TN304.21
本文編號：2120489
[Abstract]:Among many metal oxide semiconductors, TiO2 has been widely used in the fields of sewage treatment, air purification, cleaning of petroleum pollutants, antibiosis, and pesticide degradation, due to its non-toxic, stable properties, corrosion resistance and low price and so on. It has been widely used in the fields of sewage treatment, air purification, cleaning of petroleum pollutants, antibacterial and pesticide degradation. The multi-functional properties produced by the nanoscale effect and combination effect make it one of the hotspots in the research field of nanomaterials, and have wide application value in catalysis, superhydrophobicity, water treatment, energy conversion and drug transport. Therefore, a simple, practical and reliable chemical method is developed. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to control the synthetic micro nano structure material and explore its new application function. This paper mainly follows the research idea based on the design and synthesis and the application function oriented. It highlights the characteristics of low material and simple method. In the hydrothermal reaction system, the selection of reaction materials and the regulation of reaction conditions are carried out in the hydrothermal reaction system. A series of graded micro nano structure materials were designed and synthesized, and the main factors affecting the preparation of the graded micro nano structure materials were investigated. Meanwhile, the practical applications of the photocatalytic properties and superhydrophobic properties of these graded micro nano structures were studied in detail and in detail.
1, preparation of micro nano structured TiO2@@SiO2/PVA nanofiber membrane and its photocatalytic properties.
The TiO2@@SiO2 core shell hollow nanoparticles are prepared, in which the space layer between the TiO2 core and the SiO2 shell has the space layer of 2-3nm, which makes it possible to load on the carrier. Then the micro nano structure TiO2@@SiO2/PVA fiber membrane is prepared by electrostatic spinning technology, in which the spinning voltage, the speed, the receiving distance, the mass fraction of the spinning solution to PVA The morphology of fiber has an important influence. The mass fraction of TiO2@@SiO2 is the key factor affecting the morphology of TiO2@@SiO2/PVA fibers. By thermogravimetric analysis, the load of TiO2@@SiO2 core shell hollow nanoparticles is 43%. because of the existence of PVA fiber in the micron scale, which makes the TiO2@@ SiO2 nuclear shell hollow nanoparticles get a high degree of separation. Dispersion has completely eliminated the occurrence of reunion, exposes the most active sites, and, due to the high specific surface area and porosity of PVA nanofibers, can effectively adsorb organic pollutants to its surface, and then degrade it through TiO2@@SiO2 core shell hollow nanoparticles, which greatly improves the degradation rate. The photocatalytic activity of nanofiltration TiO2@@SiO2/PVA fiber membrane is 2.5 times higher than that of P25 nanoparticles.
2, preparation and photocatalytic properties of micro nano structured TiO2/CNTs materials
With the help of the structure characteristics of micro nano structure, highly dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles have been successfully prepared by the traditional hydrothermal synthesis method. In this experiment, carbon nanotube was used as the carrier and glucose was used as a binder. The TiO2 nanoparticles distributed evenly on the surface of the carbon nanotube, TiO2/CNTs, which was calcined after calcining treatment. Highly dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles have been obtained. The results show that the carbon nanotube, glucose solution and reaction time are the key factors affecting the micro nano structure TiO2/CNTs in the reaction system, and have important influence on the specific surface area and dispersion of the TiO2 nanoparticles. The results show that the photocatalytic activity of the highly dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles is prepared by hydrothermal preparation. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles is 3 times that of the photocatalyst.
3, superhydrophobic properties of micro nano structured TiO2/CNTs materials
The micro nano structure TiO2/CNTs material was prepared, and then the surface of TiO2/CNTs was obtained by deposition, and the superhydrophobic TiO2/CNTs surface was obtained by fluorination. The protruding characteristic of this method is that the operation is simple and the material is cheap. The superhydrophobicity of the surface of TiO2/CNTs has an important effect. The results show that the surface of TiO2/CNTs has a stable super hydrophobicity and oil water separation ability. It has a broad application prospect in the treatment of oily wastewater and the cleaning of oil leakage.
【學位授予單位】：浙江理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TN304.21
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