本文選題：雷達(dá)散射截面 + 射線追蹤　； 參考：《西安電子科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：由于實(shí)際中目標(biāo)結(jié)構(gòu)和組合材料的復(fù)雜性,其結(jié)構(gòu)組成并非單一幾何體,材料構(gòu)成也并非單一金屬或非金屬材料,因此,對(duì)不同材料、不同組合體的電磁散射特性的研究具有迫切的需求。基于Maxwell方程的物理光學(xué)(PO)算法,被公認(rèn)在高頻電磁場(chǎng)計(jì)算領(lǐng)域具有極佳的適用性,特別對(duì)電大尺寸目標(biāo)的散射及輻射問(wèn)題能夠給出滿意的結(jié)果。而作為射線光學(xué)中的一種零波長(zhǎng)近似,幾何光學(xué)(GO)理論,以其在均勻媒質(zhì)平面波下對(duì)能量傳播和散射機(jī)理方面獨(dú)有的處理優(yōu)勢(shì),能夠?qū)o定結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行射線追蹤。本文在結(jié)合PO及GO算法各自優(yōu)勢(shì)的基礎(chǔ)上,分析并實(shí)現(xiàn)了PO算法及幾何物理光學(xué)(GO-PO)算法,并對(duì)介質(zhì)目標(biāo)下各算法的反射系數(shù)進(jìn)行修正。重點(diǎn)結(jié)合兩種電磁計(jì)算方法,從簡(jiǎn)單到組合模型及復(fù)雜目標(biāo)再到介質(zhì)涂覆目標(biāo),對(duì)大量算例作出具體的電磁仿真、計(jì)算及分析。詳細(xì)的工作包括:1.結(jié)合PO經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式分析并求解了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體(圓盤、方板)在不同情況下的雷達(dá)散射截面(RCS),采用Mie級(jí)數(shù)法對(duì)球體和圓柱的散射場(chǎng)進(jìn)行求解分析。在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)任意目標(biāo)的RCS的PO理論計(jì)算,以不同模型的求解算例作為參考依據(jù),驗(yàn)證了算法的可靠性和通用性。2.在實(shí)現(xiàn)PO對(duì)一次場(chǎng)求解的基礎(chǔ)上,引入GO中的射線追蹤思想來(lái)增加多次反射場(chǎng)對(duì)總場(chǎng)的貢獻(xiàn),對(duì)目標(biāo)進(jìn)行三角面元剖分,對(duì)各個(gè)面元進(jìn)行一次及多次場(chǎng)的求解,并對(duì)各個(gè)面元的場(chǎng)進(jìn)行相干疊加,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了GO-PO理論對(duì)任意模型的總場(chǎng)的計(jì)算。詳細(xì)求解并分析了二面角結(jié)構(gòu)不同夾角、尺寸,入射波不同頻率、不同極化方式下的耦合場(chǎng)。特別對(duì)于類海面與船舷結(jié)構(gòu),采用正弦型組合粗糙面進(jìn)行模擬,船舷用平板簡(jiǎn)化表示,正弦面代替粗糙面。分析了復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中夾角、粗糙海面起伏大小對(duì)電磁散射特性的影響,為船海耦合電磁散射特性分析提供了基礎(chǔ)模型。并對(duì)組合目標(biāo)(三面角結(jié)構(gòu)、船體桅桿雷達(dá)簡(jiǎn)易組合模型)及復(fù)雜目標(biāo)例如小型飛機(jī)的耦合場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了求解。3.對(duì)比不同極化方式(HH、VV)下介質(zhì)材料特性的變化,結(jié)合不同介質(zhì)對(duì)PO及GO-PO算法的反射系數(shù)進(jìn)行修正,實(shí)現(xiàn)了介質(zhì)目標(biāo)的PO及GO-PO求解。利用介質(zhì)PO求解了涂覆介質(zhì)的方板及圓錐的散射場(chǎng)。采用介質(zhì)GO-PO算法解決了涂覆不同介質(zhì)、不同涂覆位置的二面角結(jié)構(gòu)的耦合場(chǎng)的計(jì)算問(wèn)題。另外對(duì)組合目標(biāo)比如類海面與船舷結(jié)構(gòu)涂覆介質(zhì)、甲板和陣列天線涂覆不同介質(zhì)以及復(fù)雜目標(biāo)比如導(dǎo)彈模型涂覆介質(zhì)情況都作出詳細(xì)的計(jì)算與分析。并結(jié)合大量算例作為理論依據(jù),分析了介質(zhì)材料(無(wú)耗和有耗介質(zhì))對(duì)目標(biāo)RCS影響方面作出的貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Because of the complexity of the target structure and the composite material in practice, its structural composition is not a single geometry, nor is the material composition a single metallic or non-metallic material, so for different materials, There is an urgent need to study the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of different combinations. The physical optics (PO) algorithm based on Maxwell equation is recognized to be very suitable in the field of high frequency electromagnetic field calculation, especially for the scattering and radiation problems of electrically large targets. As a zero-wavelength approximation in ray optics, geometric optics (GOG) theory, with its unique processing advantage of energy propagation and scattering mechanism under plane wave of homogeneous medium, can trace a given structure by ray. Based on the advantages of PO and go algorithms, this paper analyzes and implements PO algorithm and GO-PO algorithm, and modifies the reflection coefficients of each algorithm under dielectric target. Combining two kinds of electromagnetic calculation methods, from simple to composite model and complex target to medium coated target, a large number of examples are simulated, calculated and analyzed. The detailed work includes: 1. The radar cross section (RCS) of standard body (disk, square plate) under different conditions is analyzed and solved by means of PO empirical formula. The scattering field of sphere and cylinder is solved by Mie series method. On this basis, the PO theory calculation of the RCS of arbitrary targets is further realized. The reliability and generality of the algorithm are verified by examples of solving different models. On the basis of the solution of PO to the primary field, the ray tracing idea in go is introduced to increase the contribution of multiple reflection fields to the total field, to divide the target into triangulated planes, and to solve the primary and multiple fields of each plane element. Finally, the GO-PO theory is used to calculate the total field of arbitrary model. The coupling fields of dihedral structure with different angles, dimensions, incident wave frequencies and polarization modes are solved and analyzed in detail. The sinusoidal combined rough surface is used to simulate the structure of sea surface and ship side, and the ship side is expressed simply by flat plate, and the sinusoidal surface is replaced by rough surface. The influence of the angle and the rough sea surface fluctuation on the electromagnetic scattering characteristics in the composite structure is analyzed, which provides a basic model for the analysis of the ship-sea coupling electromagnetic scattering characteristics. The coupling field of the combined target (trihedral structure, hull mast radar simple combination model) and complex target such as small aircraft is solved. By comparing the characteristics of dielectric materials under different polarization modes, the reflection coefficients of PO and GO-PO algorithms are modified in combination with different media, and the solution of PO and GO-PO for dielectric targets is realized. The scattering fields of square plates and cones coated with dielectric are solved by means of dielectric PO. The calculation of coupling field of dihedral angle structure coated with different medium and different coating position is solved by using medium GO-PO algorithm. In addition, detailed calculation and analysis of composite targets such as sea surface and ship side structure coated medium, deck and array antenna coated with different media and complex targets such as missile model coated medium are made. Based on a large number of examples, the contribution of dielectric materials (lossless and lossless media) to the target RCS is analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TN011

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