本文選題：表面等離激元 + 線性光學(xué)損耗　； 參考：《中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：表面等離激元近年來(lái)得到了越來(lái)越多的關(guān)注和研究,得益于其能把電磁場(chǎng)束縛在金屬-介質(zhì)界面附近亞波長(zhǎng)尺度范圍內(nèi)。這種超強(qiáng)的光場(chǎng)模的空間壓縮可以減小集成光學(xué)器件的尺寸、提高光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的空間分辨率并且增強(qiáng)光與物質(zhì)的相互作用。然而受限于實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù)、微納加工和電磁波計(jì)算模擬,對(duì)表面等離激元量子特性的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究直到近二十年才得到發(fā)展。在基于光學(xué)的量子信息研究中,除了光子的優(yōu)良特性,光子的兩個(gè)特性一直困擾著本領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展。一是光學(xué)的模式體積受限于光學(xué)衍射極限,導(dǎo)致光學(xué)器件的尺寸無(wú)法縮小,不利于集成化和大規(guī)模擴(kuò)展化;二是光子與光子、光子與物質(zhì)的相互作用很弱,很難為量子操作提供足夠的非線性。表面等離激元為解決這些問(wèn)題提供了可行性方案,表面等離激元的超小模式可提高光學(xué)的集成化程度并增強(qiáng)與量子發(fā)光體的相互作用。本人在博士期間的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容是利用表面等離激元在亞波長(zhǎng)尺度的波導(dǎo)中傳輸量子信號(hào),并開發(fā)在量子信息領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用。本文的主要內(nèi)容包括:1.在600nm×600nm的電介質(zhì)加載表面等離激元波導(dǎo)中觀測(cè)到了單個(gè)表面等離激元之間的Hong-Ou-Mandel干涉,工作波長(zhǎng)為1550nm,干涉可見度為95.7%。這證明了,表面等離激元和光子一樣表現(xiàn)為玻色子的行為,為表面等離激元在量子信息領(lǐng)域中的進(jìn)一步應(yīng)用打下了基礎(chǔ)。2.分析損耗在線性量子光學(xué)集成回路中的的效應(yīng)。一般,損耗被僅僅看成影響光學(xué)回路效率的因素,可以被等效地歸結(jié)為探測(cè)器的低探測(cè)效率,而所需的量子操作都可以通過(guò)后選擇來(lái)完成。我們把損耗分為線性獨(dú)立的損耗和分享的共同損耗,研究在波導(dǎo)耦合過(guò)程中,損耗對(duì)集成光學(xué)器件性質(zhì)的影響機(jī)制并計(jì)算共同損耗對(duì)集成的光學(xué)量子邏輯門保真度的影響。3.實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)現(xiàn)量子偏振糾纏的雙光子對(duì)在160nm半徑的金屬銀納米線波導(dǎo)中的傳輸。我們發(fā)明了光纖集成的表面等離激元探針,通過(guò)絕熱耦合實(shí)現(xiàn)光子與表面等離激元之間的高效率轉(zhuǎn)化。我們驗(yàn)證,該探針可以在不受光學(xué)衍射極限的尺度下維持單光子自身的偏振和光子對(duì)之間的糾纏特性。'4.實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)現(xiàn)了表面等離激元探針對(duì)量子點(diǎn)熒光的收集。我們利用光纖集成的表面等離激元探針與量子點(diǎn)相互作用,量子點(diǎn)直接自發(fā)輻射熒光到探針中,直接通過(guò)光纖導(dǎo)出而不需要復(fù)雜的顯微鏡光路。該方法有望同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)量子點(diǎn)的熒光增強(qiáng)、直接激發(fā)和收集。5.提出基于光子之間關(guān)聯(lián)的損耗探測(cè)方案,證明光子之間的關(guān)聯(lián)可以提高對(duì)損耗參數(shù)估計(jì)的精確度,并在實(shí)驗(yàn)中驗(yàn)證了光子之間的關(guān)聯(lián)可以用于提高光學(xué)顯微鏡的信噪比。這種顯微鏡可以結(jié)合表面等離激元探針同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)超分辨和超靈敏的參數(shù)估計(jì)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, surface isotherms have been paid more and more attention, thanks to their ability to bind the electromagnetic field to the sub-wavelength scale near the metal-dielectric interface. The space compression of this super light field mode can reduce the size of integrated optical devices, improve the spatial resolution of optical systems and enhance the interaction between light and matter. However, limited by the experimental techniques, micro and nano fabrication and electromagnetic wave simulation, the experimental study of the quantum properties of surface isotherms has not been developed until the last 20 years. In the study of quantum information based on optics, in addition to the excellent properties of photons, the two characteristics of photons have been puzzling the development of this field. One is that the mode volume of optics is limited by the limit of optical diffraction, which results in the size of optical devices cannot be reduced, which is not conducive to integration and large-scale expansion, and the other is that the interaction between photons and photons is very weak, and the interaction between photons and matter is very weak. It is difficult to provide sufficient nonlinearity for quantum operations. Surface isophosphors provide a feasible solution to these problems. The ultra-small mode of surface isophosphors can enhance the degree of optical integration and enhance the interaction with quantum luminescence. My main research work during my Ph. D period is to use surface isotherms to transmit quantum signals in subwavelength waveguides and to develop applications in the field of quantum information. The main contents of this paper include: 1. The Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between the single surface isophosphors was observed in the dielectric loaded surface isophosphor waveguide of 600nm 脳 600nm. The operating wavelength was 1550nm and the visibility of the interference was 95.7nm. It is proved that the surface isophosphors behave as bosons as photons, which lays the foundation for the further application of surface isotherms in the field of quantum information. The effect of loss in linear quantum optical integrated circuit is analyzed. In general, the loss is only regarded as the factor affecting the efficiency of the optical loop, which can be reduced to the low detection efficiency of the detector, and the required quantum operation can be completed by the selection of the back. We divide the loss into linear independent loss and shared common loss. We study the influence mechanism of loss on the properties of integrated optical devices during waveguide coupling and calculate the effect of common loss on fidelity of integrated quantum logic gates. Quantum polarization entangled two-photon pairs are experimentally propagated in a metal silver nanowire waveguide with 160nm radius. We have invented a surface isoexciton probe integrated with optical fiber. The high efficiency conversion between photons and surface isopitons can be realized by adiabatic coupling. We verify that the probe can maintain the polarization of the single photon itself and the entanglement between the photon pairs at the scale not subject to the optical diffraction limit. The collection of quantum dot fluorescence by surface isophosphorus probe has been realized experimentally. In this paper, we use the optical fiber integrated surface probe to interact with the quantum dot, and the quantum dot directly emits spontaneous fluorescence into the probe, which is derived directly through the optical fiber without the need for complicated optical path of the microscope. This method is expected to simultaneously achieve fluorescence enhancement of quantum dots, direct excitation and collection of .5. A loss detection scheme based on the correlation between photons is proposed. It is proved that the correlation between photons can improve the accuracy of the estimation of loss parameters and the correlation between photons can be used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of optical microscopes. This kind of microscope can be combined with the surface isobaric probe to realize the super-resolution and hypersensitive parameter estimation at the same time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：O431.2;TN25

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本文編號(hào)：1951799