本文選題：量子通信 + 單光子探測　； 參考：《北方工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：單光子探測技術(shù)是量子通信的重要技術(shù)之一,單光子探測器是量子雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)接收機的重要組成部分。本文主要闡述了單光子探測的基本原理以及常用的探測器件。并且在對單光子探測原理了解的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計了以APD為核心的可同時探測4路的單光子探測系統(tǒng)——APD線列單光子探測器。首先介紹APD線列單光子探測器的硬件設(shè)計。APD線列單光子探測器由探測器件、雪崩淬滅電路、溫度控制電路、甄別與整形電路、直流偏置電源以及數(shù)字控制電路組成。工作在蓋革模式下的雪崩光電二極管探測入射光子,然而在蓋革模式下的雪崩光電二極管發(fā)生雪崩后不能自然停止,時間久了會燒毀APD,造成損失。淬滅電路通過快速降低APD兩端的電壓來主動抑制雪崩,從而提高了探測效率,降低錯誤計數(shù)。溫度控制電路根據(jù)半導(dǎo)體制冷原理,使APD工作在低溫環(huán)境下,提高系統(tǒng)性能,延長APD的使用壽命。甄別與整形電路區(qū)分噪聲與信號,并將信號整形成為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的TTL信號。直流偏置電源可以對每路APD的工作電壓進行單獨調(diào)節(jié),從而使每路APD工作在蓋革模式下。數(shù)字控制電路對多路光子同時計數(shù)并且能夠單獨控制每路的比較電壓,保證系統(tǒng)的正常工作。其次介紹APD線列單光子探測器軟件設(shè)計。軟件設(shè)計包括下位機程序設(shè)計和上位機程序設(shè)計,通過串口互相通信,上位機可分別控制4個下位機,對其進行控制。并給出程序流程圖以及相關(guān)代碼。最后是對于整個系統(tǒng)的測試,輸出雪崩信號波形和計數(shù)脈沖波形,測試實際電路的相關(guān)功能。
[Abstract]:Single photon detection is one of the most important techniques in quantum communication, and the single photon detector is an important part of the receiver of quantum radar system. This paper mainly describes the basic principle of single photon detection and common detectors. Based on the understanding of the principle of single-photon detection, a four-channel single-photon detection system based on APD is designed. This paper introduces the hardware design of APD line-line single-photon detector. The single-photon detector is composed of detector, avalanche quenching circuit, temperature control circuit, discrimination and shaping circuit, DC bias power supply and digital control circuit. The avalanche photodiodes working in the Geiger mode detect the incident photons. However, the avalanche photodiodes in the Geiger mode cannot be stopped naturally after the avalanche occurs, and the APD will burn down for a long time, resulting in losses. Quenching circuit can actively suppress avalanche by rapidly reducing the voltage at both ends of the APD, thus improving the detection efficiency and reducing the error count. According to the principle of semiconductor refrigeration, the temperature control circuit makes APD work in low temperature environment, improves the system performance and prolongs the service life of APD. The noise and signal are distinguished from the shaping circuit, and the signal is transformed into a standard TTL signal. The DC bias power can adjust the working voltage of each APD separately, so that each APD works in the Geiger mode. The digital control circuit counts multiple photons simultaneously and can independently control the comparative voltage of each channel to ensure the normal operation of the system. Secondly, the software design of APD linear single photon detector is introduced. The software design includes the program design of the lower computer and the program design of the upper computer. And gives the program flow chart and related code. Finally, the whole system is tested, output avalanche signal waveform and count pulse waveform, test the related functions of the actual circuit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北方工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN312.7;TN15;TN957.5

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本文編號：1886256