本文選題：TDLAS系統(tǒng) + 二次諧波信號　； 參考：《華北科技學院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：伴隨著經(jīng)濟社會的快速發(fā)展和對環(huán)境的保護,天然氣正逐漸代替煤炭成為新能源,這不僅提供了生產(chǎn)和生活的便利,同時也帶來了相應的風險。天然氣的使用主要是通過管道進行輸送,由于管道連接不嚴、腐蝕穿孔、人為管理失效等因素,加之天然氣中的主要成分為甲烷,在泄漏初期如果不能及時和準確的檢測發(fā)現(xiàn),長時間泄漏就容易發(fā)生著火和爆炸,可能產(chǎn)生人員傷亡的重大事故和國民經(jīng)濟的巨大損失。因此,針對高壓管道氣體微量泄漏的問題,展開理論和技術(shù)上的研究,對輸氣管道和生命財產(chǎn)的安全和保障,具有非常重大的現(xiàn)實意義。本文是運用光譜學基礎(chǔ)知識、流體動力學、運動學來研究和分析輸氣管道泄漏擴散的規(guī)律和TDLAS技術(shù)以及檢測性能。首先綜合比較幾種氣體常見檢測技術(shù)和TDLAS技術(shù)的研究現(xiàn)狀,分析TDLAS技術(shù)用于氣體檢測的理論基礎(chǔ)和吸收原理,重點研究和確定了甲烷氣體的檢測譜線,介紹了諧波檢測技術(shù)的原理和二次諧波的選擇;其次,根據(jù)流體力學知識,提出了輸氣管道內(nèi)氣體流動的基本方程,研究并討論了管道氣體穩(wěn)態(tài)和動態(tài)的泄漏模型,研究出管道內(nèi)氣體流動的兩種狀態(tài)以及將孔徑比作為不同泄漏模型的判定依據(jù);再次,建立了天然氣的擴散模型,確定了影響擴散的因素和擴散系數(shù),同時對實際的管道氣體泄漏擴散的危險區(qū)域進行計算和分析,為后期應急救援提供定量分析依據(jù);最后,對TDLAS系統(tǒng)進行性能測試,包括總體設(shè)計和搭建TDLAS系統(tǒng),并利用二次諧波信號強度來計算泄漏氣體的濃度,對系統(tǒng)從最低檢測極限、重復性和穩(wěn)定性、響應時間三方面進行性能分析,根據(jù)實驗得到的數(shù)據(jù)說明TDLAS系統(tǒng)滿足對微量泄漏氣體高準確性、高靈敏性的檢測要求。本文是利用TDLAS系統(tǒng)對高壓管道氣體微量泄漏進行檢測,從理論分析到泄漏擴散模型的建立,以及系統(tǒng)的性能檢測。相比于其他光學檢測技術(shù),TDLAS技術(shù)在檢測微量泄漏氣體方面具有高靈敏度、高選擇性和高可靠性的優(yōu)勢,使得非接觸式檢測技術(shù)有了一個新的思路和借鑒,為今后長距離輸氣管道的微量泄漏檢測試驗和系統(tǒng)性能的改進提供了重要的參考價值和指導意義。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and society and the protection of the environment, natural gas is gradually replacing coal as a new energy source, which not only provides the convenience of production and living, but also brings the corresponding risks. The use of natural gas is mainly carried out through pipelines. Due to the factors such as lax connection of pipelines, corrosion and perforation, artificial management failure, and the main component of natural gas is methane, if it cannot be detected in time and accurately at the early stage of leakage, Long time leakage is prone to fire and explosion, which may cause casualties of serious accidents and great loss of national economy. Therefore, to solve the problem of trace gas leakage in high pressure pipeline, it is of great practical significance to carry out theoretical and technical research on the safety and security of gas pipeline and life and property. In this paper, the basic knowledge of spectroscopy, fluid dynamics and kinematics are used to study and analyze the laws of leakage and diffusion of gas pipeline, TDLAS technology and the detection performance. Firstly, the research status of several common gas detection techniques and TDLAS technology is compared, the theoretical basis and absorption principle of TDLAS technology for gas detection are analyzed, and the detection spectrum line of methane gas is studied and determined emphatically. The principle of harmonic detection technology and the choice of second harmonic are introduced. Secondly, according to the knowledge of fluid mechanics, the basic equations of gas flow in gas pipeline are proposed, and the steady and dynamic leakage models of gas in pipeline are studied and discussed. Two states of gas flow in pipeline are studied and the pore size ratio is taken as the basis for judging different leakage models. Thirdly, the diffusion model of natural gas is established, and the factors affecting the diffusion and the diffusion coefficient are determined. At the same time, the dangerous area of pipeline gas leakage and diffusion is calculated and analyzed to provide quantitative analysis basis for later emergency rescue. Finally, the performance of TDLAS system is tested, including the overall design and construction of TDLAS system. The second harmonic signal intensity is used to calculate the concentration of leakage gas, and the performance of the system is analyzed from three aspects: the lowest detection limit, the repeatability, the stability and the response time. According to the experimental data, the TDLAS system meets the requirements of high accuracy and high sensitivity for detecting trace leakage gas. In this paper, TDLAS system is used to detect trace gas leakage in high pressure pipeline, from the theoretical analysis to the establishment of leakage diffusion model, and the performance detection of the system. Compared with other optical detection techniques, TDLAS has the advantages of high sensitivity, high selectivity and high reliability in the detection of trace leakage gas, which makes the non-contact detection technology have a new idea and reference. It provides important reference value and guiding significance for micro leak detection test and improvement of system performance of long distance gas pipeline in the future.
【學位授予單位】：華北科技學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE88;TN249

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