本文選題：TDLAS系統(tǒng) + 二次諧波信號(hào)�。� 參考：《華北科技學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：伴隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展和對(duì)環(huán)境的保護(hù),天然氣正逐漸代替煤炭成為新能源,這不僅提供了生產(chǎn)和生活的便利,同時(shí)也帶來(lái)了相應(yīng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。天然氣的使用主要是通過(guò)管道進(jìn)行輸送,由于管道連接不嚴(yán)、腐蝕穿孔、人為管理失效等因素,加之天然氣中的主要成分為甲烷,在泄漏初期如果不能及時(shí)和準(zhǔn)確的檢測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn),長(zhǎng)時(shí)間泄漏就容易發(fā)生著火和爆炸,可能產(chǎn)生人員傷亡的重大事故和國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的巨大損失。因此,針對(duì)高壓管道氣體微量泄漏的問(wèn)題,展開理論和技術(shù)上的研究,對(duì)輸氣管道和生命財(cái)產(chǎn)的安全和保障,具有非常重大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文是運(yùn)用光譜學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、流體動(dòng)力學(xué)、運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)來(lái)研究和分析輸氣管道泄漏擴(kuò)散的規(guī)律和TDLAS技術(shù)以及檢測(cè)性能。首先綜合比較幾種氣體常見(jiàn)檢測(cè)技術(shù)和TDLAS技術(shù)的研究現(xiàn)狀,分析TDLAS技術(shù)用于氣體檢測(cè)的理論基礎(chǔ)和吸收原理,重點(diǎn)研究和確定了甲烷氣體的檢測(cè)譜線,介紹了諧波檢測(cè)技術(shù)的原理和二次諧波的選擇;其次,根據(jù)流體力學(xué)知識(shí),提出了輸氣管道內(nèi)氣體流動(dòng)的基本方程,研究并討論了管道氣體穩(wěn)態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)的泄漏模型,研究出管道內(nèi)氣體流動(dòng)的兩種狀態(tài)以及將孔徑比作為不同泄漏模型的判定依據(jù);再次,建立了天然氣的擴(kuò)散模型,確定了影響擴(kuò)散的因素和擴(kuò)散系數(shù),同時(shí)對(duì)實(shí)際的管道氣體泄漏擴(kuò)散的危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域進(jìn)行計(jì)算和分析,為后期應(yīng)急救援提供定量分析依據(jù);最后,對(duì)TDLAS系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行性能測(cè)試,包括總體設(shè)計(jì)和搭建TDLAS系統(tǒng),并利用二次諧波信號(hào)強(qiáng)度來(lái)計(jì)算泄漏氣體的濃度,對(duì)系統(tǒng)從最低檢測(cè)極限、重復(fù)性和穩(wěn)定性、響應(yīng)時(shí)間三方面進(jìn)行性能分析,根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)得到的數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明TDLAS系統(tǒng)滿足對(duì)微量泄漏氣體高準(zhǔn)確性、高靈敏性的檢測(cè)要求。本文是利用TDLAS系統(tǒng)對(duì)高壓管道氣體微量泄漏進(jìn)行檢測(cè),從理論分析到泄漏擴(kuò)散模型的建立,以及系統(tǒng)的性能檢測(cè)。相比于其他光學(xué)檢測(cè)技術(shù),TDLAS技術(shù)在檢測(cè)微量泄漏氣體方面具有高靈敏度、高選擇性和高可靠性的優(yōu)勢(shì),使得非接觸式檢測(cè)技術(shù)有了一個(gè)新的思路和借鑒,為今后長(zhǎng)距離輸氣管道的微量泄漏檢測(cè)試驗(yàn)和系統(tǒng)性能的改進(jìn)提供了重要的參考價(jià)值和指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and society and the protection of the environment, natural gas is gradually replacing coal as a new energy source, which not only provides the convenience of production and living, but also brings the corresponding risks. The use of natural gas is mainly carried out through pipelines. Due to the factors such as lax connection of pipelines, corrosion and perforation, artificial management failure, and the main component of natural gas is methane, if it cannot be detected in time and accurately at the early stage of leakage, Long time leakage is prone to fire and explosion, which may cause casualties of serious accidents and great loss of national economy. Therefore, to solve the problem of trace gas leakage in high pressure pipeline, it is of great practical significance to carry out theoretical and technical research on the safety and security of gas pipeline and life and property. In this paper, the basic knowledge of spectroscopy, fluid dynamics and kinematics are used to study and analyze the laws of leakage and diffusion of gas pipeline, TDLAS technology and the detection performance. Firstly, the research status of several common gas detection techniques and TDLAS technology is compared, the theoretical basis and absorption principle of TDLAS technology for gas detection are analyzed, and the detection spectrum line of methane gas is studied and determined emphatically. The principle of harmonic detection technology and the choice of second harmonic are introduced. Secondly, according to the knowledge of fluid mechanics, the basic equations of gas flow in gas pipeline are proposed, and the steady and dynamic leakage models of gas in pipeline are studied and discussed. Two states of gas flow in pipeline are studied and the pore size ratio is taken as the basis for judging different leakage models. Thirdly, the diffusion model of natural gas is established, and the factors affecting the diffusion and the diffusion coefficient are determined. At the same time, the dangerous area of pipeline gas leakage and diffusion is calculated and analyzed to provide quantitative analysis basis for later emergency rescue. Finally, the performance of TDLAS system is tested, including the overall design and construction of TDLAS system. The second harmonic signal intensity is used to calculate the concentration of leakage gas, and the performance of the system is analyzed from three aspects: the lowest detection limit, the repeatability, the stability and the response time. According to the experimental data, the TDLAS system meets the requirements of high accuracy and high sensitivity for detecting trace leakage gas. In this paper, TDLAS system is used to detect trace gas leakage in high pressure pipeline, from the theoretical analysis to the establishment of leakage diffusion model, and the performance detection of the system. Compared with other optical detection techniques, TDLAS has the advantages of high sensitivity, high selectivity and high reliability in the detection of trace leakage gas, which makes the non-contact detection technology have a new idea and reference. It provides important reference value and guiding significance for micro leak detection test and improvement of system performance of long distance gas pipeline in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北科技學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TE88;TN249

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