發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-05 05:14

  本文選題：脈沖功率技術(shù) + 三電極開關(guān)��； 參考：《沈陽(yáng)工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,脈沖功率技術(shù)在科學(xué)研究和工業(yè)工程得到廣泛應(yīng)用,其中低電感高能密度的緊湊型Marx發(fā)生器以其體積小、重量輕、能效高,且可重復(fù)頻率運(yùn)行等優(yōu)點(diǎn)獲得了廣泛的工程應(yīng)用。氣體開關(guān)作為Marx發(fā)生器的關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)部件,直接決定著發(fā)生器的輸出特性與運(yùn)行特性。它不僅需要導(dǎo)通強(qiáng)電流、大電荷量脈沖,且能夠準(zhǔn)確觸發(fā),由此三電極開關(guān)與兩電極開關(guān)相比具有運(yùn)行可控性好、閉合時(shí)間短、抖動(dòng)及延時(shí)小等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。Marx發(fā)生器中的三電極開關(guān)自擊穿過程對(duì)Marx發(fā)生器的設(shè)計(jì)和安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行至關(guān)重要。本文分別從電極本體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、絕緣支撐選擇、極間距、絕緣介質(zhì)選擇等幾方面給出三電極氣體開關(guān)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案。為實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)極板間距可調(diào),保證主放電電極內(nèi)部電場(chǎng)均勻度要求,選擇以聚四氟乙烯為絕緣支撐,提出其傘裙設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu),以提高全場(chǎng)域絕緣強(qiáng)度的同時(shí)保證開關(guān)系統(tǒng)絕緣安全、可靠、穩(wěn)定工作。搭建三電極氣體開關(guān)系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),并分別對(duì)不同電極間隙、不同氣壓下進(jìn)行靜態(tài)擊穿實(shí)驗(yàn),研究結(jié)果表明,以SF_6氣體介質(zhì)為研究對(duì)象,隨主電極間隙和極間SF_6氣壓增大,自擊穿電壓漸增;隨氣壓升高,擊穿電壓分散性漸增,開關(guān)靜態(tài)穩(wěn)定性降低。針對(duì)所設(shè)計(jì)電極系統(tǒng),得到100kPa氣壓以內(nèi)、電極間隙為4.3mm時(shí)開關(guān)靜態(tài)擊穿特性最為穩(wěn)定。針對(duì)系統(tǒng)自擊穿微觀過程研究,建立流體-化學(xué)混合模型,以自擊穿實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)為初始條件,數(shù)值模擬三電極開關(guān)系統(tǒng)初始放電過程,并對(duì)該過程的物理機(jī)理及影響因素進(jìn)行定量分析。研究表明,放電初始階段至等離子體通道形成其微觀過程中,陰極因場(chǎng)致發(fā)射產(chǎn)生初始電子;電子不斷向陽(yáng)極運(yùn)動(dòng),并與其他粒子相互作用,導(dǎo)致觸發(fā)極與主電極極間的等離子體通道初步形成;隨放電時(shí)間增加至10ns時(shí),在近極邊緣處形成相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的等離子體通道。等離子體通道區(qū)域電子密度最大值出現(xiàn)在陰極鞘層外,陰極鞘層內(nèi)電子密度近似為零;電子溫度主要集中在空間電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度最大的近陰極區(qū)。比較真空、N_2和SF_6三種介質(zhì)中等離子體通道特性:真空介質(zhì)中電子密度最大,SF_6中電子密度最小;N_2介質(zhì)中電子溫度最高。比較不同間距、不同極板面積情況下等離子體電子密度橫向分布,隨電極間距增大,等離子體通道形成時(shí)電子密度分布均勻度增大,且電弧區(qū)域向外擴(kuò)散;上極板半徑為45mm時(shí),等離子體通道形成是電子密度最小,且橫向分布最均勻。
[Abstract]:In recent years, pulse power technology has been widely used in scientific research and industrial engineering. The compact Marx generator with low inductance and high energy density has been widely used in engineering applications with its advantages of small size, light weight, high energy efficiency and repeatable frequency operation. The gas switch is a key component of the Marx generator, which is directly determined by the gas switch. The output characteristics and operation characteristics of the generator not only need strong current, large charge pulse, but also can trigger accurately, thus the three electrode switch has the advantages of good operation controllability, short closing time, low jitter and time delay compared with the two electrode switch. The self breakdown process of the three electrode switch in the.Marx generator set up the Marx generator The design of the three electrode gas switch system is given from the aspects of the structure design of the electrode, the selection of the insulation support, the polar distance and the selection of the insulating medium, to realize the adjustable pole spacing of the system, to ensure the uniformity of the electric field in the main discharge electrode, and to select the polytetrafluoroethylene as the insulation. Support, put forward the design structure of the umbrella skirt, in order to improve the insulation strength of the whole field and ensure the safety, reliability and stability of the switch system. The experimental platform of the three electrode gas switch system is set up, and the static breakdown experiments are carried out on the gap of different electrodes and at different air pressure. The results show that the SF_6 gas medium is the research object. The gap between the main electrode and the SF_6 pressure increases, the self breakdown voltage increases gradually, with the increase of the pressure, the breakdown voltage dispersion increases gradually and the static stability of the switch decreases. The static breakdown characteristics of the switch are most stable when the designed electrode system is within the 100kPa pressure and the gap of the electrode is 4.3mm. A volume chemical mixture model is used to simulate the initial discharge process of the three electrode switch system with the initial conditions of the self breakdown experimental data. The physical mechanism and the influencing factors of the process are quantitatively analyzed. The study shows that the initial phase of the discharge from the initial stage of discharge to the plasma channel is formed in the micro process. The electrons move towards the anode and interact with other particles, leading to the initial formation of the plasma channel between the trigger pole and the main electrode pole. As the discharge time increases to 10ns, a relatively stable plasma channel is formed at the edge of the near pole. The maximum electron density in the plasma channel region appears outside the cathode sheath and in the cathode sheath. The electron density is approximately zero, and the electron temperature is mainly concentrated in the near cathode area of the maximum intensity of the space electric field. Compare the characteristics of the plasma channel in three kinds of media: vacuum, N_2 and SF_6: the electron density in the vacuum medium is the largest, the electron density in the SF_6 is the least; the electron temperature in the N_2 medium is the highest. The electron density is distributed horizontally, with the increase of the electrode spacing, the distribution uniformity of the electron density increases and the arc region diffuses outward when the plasma channel is formed. When the radius of the upper plate is 45mm, the formation of the plasma channel is the smallest electron density, and the transverse distribution is the most uniform.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM564;TN782

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