本文選題：電機主軸 + 激光修復�。� 參考：《山東大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：軸類零件的使用在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)中占有舉足輕重的地位,隨著現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展,軸類零件的工作環(huán)境日趨復雜,報廢率也日趨提高。激光修復具有高能量高密度,熱輸入可控性好,加工位置可精確定位的特點,可通過與計算機數(shù)控技術的結合,實現(xiàn)軸類零件修復的快速高效。因此采用激光修復已成為軸類零件修復的趨勢。本課題針對電機主軸在激光修復后出現(xiàn)斷裂失效的問題,對電機主軸激光修復層進行顯微組織微觀形貌、物相特征以及斷裂機制的分析研究,以有效改進激光修復工藝,指導工廠生產(chǎn)。采用光學顯微鏡及顯微硬度儀對修復層顯微組織形貌特征及顯微硬度分布特征進行觀察分析,修復層根據(jù)顯微組織形貌特征劃分為熔覆區(qū)、熱影響區(qū)以及過渡區(qū)。其中熔覆區(qū)呈現(xiàn)類共晶組織特征,依次形成平面晶、胞狀晶及樹枝晶等晶態(tài),樹枝晶晶粒粗大,主干較長且二次橫枝形核較多,對熔覆區(qū)韌性具有一定程度的減弱作用。熱影響區(qū)完全重結晶區(qū)為晶粒細小的鐵素體和珠光體,而部分重結晶區(qū)殘余先共析鐵素體分布明顯。從熔覆區(qū)中心到母材方向上顯微硬度整體呈減小趨勢,其中熔覆區(qū)顯微硬度遠遠高于熱影響區(qū),熔覆區(qū)樹枝晶顯微硬度最高,平面晶處顯微硬度最小。采用XRD衍射儀對熔覆區(qū)進行物相組成分析,其物相組成主要為(Fe, Cr)固溶體(α相)和Cr-Fe固溶體(δ相),且(Fe, Cr)固溶體較多。其次還含有少量的固溶體CrFe4、Fe-Cr-Ni、(Fe, Ni)等以及金屬間化合物Cr7C3。Cr-Fe固溶體及CrFe4固溶體較為硬脆,加速了合金的脆化。采用掃描電子顯微鏡及能譜分析儀對修復層微觀組織形貌組成,裂紋萌生機制及斷口表明形貌進行分析研究,熔覆區(qū)平面晶為單一物相的(Fe, Cr)固溶體(α相),胞狀晶、樹枝晶基體均為(Fe, Cr)固溶體,浮凸處主要物相為Cr-Fe固溶體。顯微裂紋類型為多邊化裂紋,萌生于過渡區(qū)熔覆區(qū)一側或母材一側。(Fe, Cr)固溶體處或Cr-Fe固溶體與(Fe, Cr)固溶體兩相界面處形成的多邊化邊界為顯微裂紋萌生的起源地,其擴展方向有兩種,分別是與過渡區(qū)界面方向平行擴展和沿熔覆區(qū)厚度方向,與界面大致垂直擴展。斷口宏觀形貌特征分為鏡面區(qū)、霧狀區(qū)及鋸齒帶三個特征區(qū)域,其微觀形貌主要由準解理(QC)、沿晶(IG)、及少量的韌窩(DR)組成。霧狀區(qū)主要為沿晶斷裂(IG)和韌窩斷裂(DR)。鋸齒帶微觀形貌特征與霧狀區(qū)相似。但區(qū)別為鋸齒帶處韌窩斷裂是斷裂機制的主體。
[Abstract]:The use of shaft parts plays an important role in modern industry. With the development of modern industry, the working environment of shaft parts is becoming more and more complex, and the scrapping rate is increasing day by day. Laser repair has the characteristics of high energy density, good controllability of heat input and precise location of machining position. It can be quickly and efficiently repaired by combining with computer numerical control technology. Therefore, laser repair has become the trend of shaft parts repair. Aiming at the fracture failure of motor spindle after laser repair, the microstructure, phase characteristics and fracture mechanism of the laser repair layer of motor spindle are analyzed and studied in order to improve the laser repair technology effectively. Direct factory production. The microstructure and microhardness distribution of the repair layer were observed and analyzed by optical microscope and microhardness analyzer. The repair layer was divided into cladding zone, heat affected zone and transition zone according to the microstructure characteristics. The cladding zone is characterized by eutectic structure, such as plane crystal, cellular crystal and dendritic crystal. The dendritic grain is coarse, the main trunk is longer and the secondary transverse branch nucleus is more. The cladding zone has a certain degree of weakening effect on the toughness of cladding zone. The complete recrystallization zone in the heat affected zone is composed of fine ferrite and pearlite, while the residual proeutectoid ferrite in some recrystallized regions is obvious. The microhardness of cladding zone is much higher than that of heat-affected zone from the center of cladding zone to the direction of base metal. The microhardness of dendrite in cladding zone is the highest and the microhardness at plane crystal is the smallest. The phase composition of the cladding zone was analyzed by XRD diffractometer. The phase compositions were mainly Fe, Cr) solid solution (偽 phase) and Cr-Fe solid solution (未 phase), and there were more Fe, Cr solid solution. Secondly, it also contains a small amount of solid solution, such as CrFe4FE-Fe-Cr-NiOFe, Ni), and the intermetallic compounds Cr7C3.Cr-Fe solid solution and CrFe4 solid solution are hard and brittle, which accelerates the embrittlement of the alloy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to analyze the microstructure, crack initiation mechanism and fracture surface of the repair layer. The dendritic matrix is Cr-Fe solid solution, and the main phase in the convex part is Cr-Fe solid solution. The type of microcrack is multilateral crack, and the multilateral boundary formed at the side of the cladding zone or the side of the base metal, or at the interface between Cr-Fe solid solution and Fe, Cr) solid solution is the origin of micro-crack initiation. There are two kinds of propagation directions, which are parallel to the transition zone interface, along the cladding zone thickness, and roughly vertical to the interface. The macroscopic morphology of the fracture is divided into three characteristic regions: mirror region, fog zone and serrated zone. The microscopic morphology of the fracture is mainly composed of quasi cleavage QC, intergranular IGC, and a small amount of dimple DRs. The foggy zone is mainly intergranular fracture (IGR) and dimple fracture (DRV). The microscopic morphology of the zigzag zone is similar to that of the foggy zone. But the dimple fracture in the zigzag belt is the main part of the fracture mechanism.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM307;TN249

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