本文選題：大面積PMT　切入點：MCP-PMT　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：光電倍增管(PMT)是探測極其微弱光的真空器件。在高能物理中,利用光電倍增管探測粒子事件產(chǎn)生的極微弱的光信號,達到間接探測粒子的目的。隨著微通道板(MCP)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,微通道板被用于制備光電倍增管的倍增陽極,從而研制成微通道板型光電倍增管,在光電倍增管的探測性能上有了很大的改善。針對江門中微子實驗(JUNO)實驗的具體需求,高能物理研究所有關(guān)研究人員設(shè)計了一款基于微通道板的大面積高量子效率的微通道板型光電倍增管,并且高能物理研究所組織了微通道板型光電倍增管研制合作組,共同研制開發(fā)此款樣品。我參與了這種新型光電倍增管測試工作,例如光電倍增管的單光子譜、高壓增益曲線、光陰極量子效率、光陰極光譜響應(yīng)、光陰極均勻性、后脈沖、暗計數(shù)率、時間漲落等工作,并主要研究了地磁場對光電倍增管性能的影響和大面積微通道板型光電倍增管的老化。光電倍增管是受地磁場影響較為敏感的電子學(xué)器件,甚至及微弱的地磁場也會對光電倍增管造成很大的影響。在大型探測器中,需要考慮地磁場對光電倍增管性能的影響。在本論文中,我們設(shè)計了兩套測量地磁場對光電倍增管影響的測試系統(tǒng)：單軸旋轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)和三軸旋轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)。通過單軸旋轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng),可以測試由于光電倍增管結(jié)構(gòu)的不均勻性引起的地磁場對光電倍增管的影響；通過三軸旋轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng),可以測試由于光電倍增管安裝位置的不同而引起的地磁場對光電倍增管的影響。實驗中還使用了磁屏蔽材料對地磁場進行屏蔽,可以看出,磁屏蔽材料可以很大程度地減弱地磁場對光電倍增管的影響。根據(jù)三軸旋轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)的測試結(jié)果,使用基坐標分解,可以計算出地磁場對光電倍增管性能的影響強度在整個球面上的分布。我們對合作組研制的8寸新型大面積光陰極微通道板型光電倍增管進行老化測試。老化期間,在每天特定的時間測試光電倍增管的多光電子譜,單光電子譜及暗噪聲譜。為了進行交叉驗證,我們先后對兩只光電倍增管進行了相似的老化測試,第一只光電倍增管老化52天,第二只光電倍增管老化84天。為了深入研究光電倍增管老化的原理,在第二只光電倍增管老化的結(jié)束與開始,也測試了光電倍增管的陰極電流和電阻。并且當(dāng)光電倍增管的累計輸出電荷為4C時,我們增加了第二只光電倍增管的高壓,提高了光電倍增管的老化速度。根據(jù)光電倍增管的老化曲線,我們建立了光電倍增管的老化模型,給出了光電倍增管的一般老化公式。研究表明,光陰極的老化不是大面積微通道板型光電倍增管老化的主要因素,大面積微通板型光電倍增管的老化主要與MCP的老化有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Photomultiplier tube (PMT) is a vacuum device for detecting extremely weak light. In high energy physics, the use of photomultiplier tubes to detect very weak light signals produced by particle events can achieve the purpose of indirectly detecting particles. The microchannel plate has been used to prepare the multiplication anode of photomultiplier tube, and the microchannel plate photomultiplier tube has been developed. The detection performance of the photomultiplier tube has been greatly improved. The researchers of the Institute of High Energy Physics have designed a large area and high quantum efficiency photomultiplier tube based on microchannel plate, and the Institute of High Energy Physics has organized the research and development cooperation group of microchannel plate photomultiplier tube. I participated in the testing work of this new photomultiplier tube, such as single photon spectrum of photomultiplier tube, high voltage gain curve, photocathode quantum efficiency, photocathode spectral response, photocathode uniformity, post pulse. The influence of geomagnetic field on the performance of photomultiplier tube and the aging of plate photomultiplier tube with large area microchannel are studied. Photomultiplier tube is a sensitive electronic device affected by geomagnetic field. Even a weak geomagnetic field will have a great effect on photomultiplier tubes. In large detectors, the effect of geomagnetic field on the performance of photomultiplier tubes should be considered. We have designed two test systems to measure the effect of geomagnetic field on photomultiplier tubes: uniaxial rotation system and triaxial rotation system. The effect of geomagnetic field on photomultiplier tube caused by the inhomogeneity of photomultiplier tube structure can be tested. The effect of geomagnetic field on photomultiplier tube caused by different position of photomultiplier tube can be tested. Magnetic shielding materials can greatly reduce the effect of geomagnetic field on photomultiplier tubes. The influence of geomagnetic field on the properties of photomultiplier tubes can be calculated. We have tested the 8-inch photocathode microchannel plate photomultiplier tubes developed by the cooperative group during aging. The multiple photoelectron spectra, single photoelectron spectra and dark noise spectra of photomultiplier tubes are tested at a specific time of day. In order to cross-verify, we have carried out similar aging tests on two photomultiplier tubes. The first photomultiplier tube aged 52 days, the second one aged 84 days. In order to study the principle of photomultiplier tube aging, at the end and beginning of the second photomultiplier tube aging, We also tested the cathode current and resistance of the photomultiplier tube, and when the cumulative output charge of the photomultiplier tube was 4C, we added the high voltage of the second photomultiplier tube. According to the aging curve of photomultiplier tube, the aging model of photomultiplier tube is established, and the general aging formula of photomultiplier tube is given. The aging of photocathode is not the main factor of the aging of large area microchannel plate photomultiplier tube. The aging of large area micro-pass plate photomultiplier tube is mainly related to the aging of MCP.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TN152

【共引文獻】

相關(guān)會議論文 前1條

1 王元清;王綜軼;衡月昆;宗亮;周燕;秦中華;;中微子探測器支撐體系結(jié)構(gòu)形式與選型分析[A];鋼結(jié)構(gòu)工程研究（十）——中國鋼結(jié)構(gòu)協(xié)會結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定與疲勞分會第14屆(ISSF-2014)學(xué)術(shù)交流會暨教學(xué)研討會論文集[C];2014年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 黃衛(wèi)平;LHAASO WCDA光電倍增管大動態(tài)范圍讀出研究[D];中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué);2014年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 陳富財;支柱式有機玻璃球探測器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計[D];浙江大學(xué);2014年

2 游曉浩;LHAASO-WCDA時間標定的研究[D];河北師范大學(xué);2014年

3 周燕;江門中微子探測器結(jié)構(gòu)選型分析與節(jié)點承載性能研究[D];重慶大學(xué);2014年

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本文編號：1562361