本文關鍵詞：遠距離目標紅外輻射探測研究　出處：《湘潭大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 紅外探測 紅外輻射 雙波段 大氣透過率 計算模型

【摘要】：紅外技術在現(xiàn)代軍事、工業(yè)以及醫(yī)學等領域已經(jīng)越來越受到研究人員的重視并已經(jīng)在各領域中得到越來越廣泛的應用。紅外輻射探測則是紅外技術應用的一個重要方面,因此紅外輻射的探測對理論研究和實際應用都有著非常重要的意義。本文主要研究遠距離目標的紅外輻射探測相關理論與技術。文章首先對紅外技術以及紅外輻射探測的研究背景及國內外研究現(xiàn)狀進行了簡要介紹。然后介紹了紅外探測相關的理論基礎,主要包括黑體及灰體輻射規(guī)律的相關理論。在介紹了紅外輻射理論基礎后,針對遠距離目標的紅外輻射探測在以下幾個方面進行展開:1、首先分析討論了遠距離目標的輻射探測原理。本文采用雙波段的原理進行高空遠距離目標溫度的測量,然后結合普朗克輻射定律計算目標的紅外輻射。目標在3~5μm和8~12μm兩個波段具有不同的輻射強度,根據(jù)雙波段測溫的原理,可以建立溫度與比值的對應關系,然后由探測器接收到的兩個波段不同輻射強度即可得出目標的溫度。2、提出了一種目標投影面積的計算方法并討論了遠距離目標紅外輻射強度的計算方法。在得到目標溫度之后,目標的真實輻射強度可根據(jù)普朗克輻射定律計算出來,但前提是目標在視線方向上的投影面積已知,所以需建立目標投影面積的計算模型。在文中,根據(jù)輻射探測的目的,我們假設目標是一個圓錐體,并給出了不同觀察方向下,目標投影面積的計算方法。3、分析了遠距離探測時,大氣的吸收、散射以及氣象條件等因素對紅外輻射的衰減影響,其中重點分析了水蒸氣和CO2氣體分子對紅外輻射的吸收衰減,并考慮了各自的吸收透過率在不同海拔高度和傾斜距離傳輸條件下的修正。然后,在考慮地球曲率的情況下提出一種計算任意方向兩點大氣衰減的計算模型,并分別計算了3~5μm和8~12μm兩個波段的大氣吸收、散射以及氣象條件的衰減結果。4、根據(jù)具體的數(shù)據(jù)以及圖表討論了遠距離目標的紅外輻射探測。首先,根據(jù)分析得到的數(shù)據(jù),得出遠距離紅外輻射的探測對氣象條件的要求,即必須在氣象條件良好的情況下進行。然后,分析了遠距離輻射探測對海拔高度的要求,并給出了不同海拔高度下紅外輻射的衰減規(guī)律;接著,討論了遠距離目標的輻射探測在不同傳輸距離下的衰減規(guī)律;最后,給出了在特定海拔高度,不同探測距離下,目標的溫度與雙波段比值的具體關系,并給出簡要分析。實驗的具體計算結果表明,在10km左右高空的情況下,目標紅外輻射測量的距離可以從低空測量的幾十公里增加到幾百公里,為進一步分析目標輻射特性提供了理論與技術上的支撐。
[Abstract]:Infrared technology in modern military. Industry and medicine and other fields have been paid more and more attention and have been more and more widely used in various fields. Infrared radiation detection is an important aspect of infrared technology applications. Therefore, the detection of infrared radiation is of great significance to both theoretical research and practical application. This paper mainly studies the theory and technology of infrared radiation detection of long-range targets. The background of the research and the research status at home and abroad are briefly introduced, and then the theoretical basis of infrared detection is introduced. After introducing the basic theory of infrared radiation, the infrared radiation detection of long-range targets is carried out in the following aspects: 1. Firstly, the principle of radiation detection of long distance target is analyzed and discussed. In this paper, the principle of double band is used to measure the temperature of high altitude and long distance target. Then the infrared radiation of the target is calculated in combination with Planck's radiation law. The target has different radiation intensity in 3 ~ 5 渭 m and 8 ~ 12 渭 m bands, according to the principle of dual-band temperature measurement. The corresponding relationship between temperature and ratio can be established, and then the target temperature .2 can be obtained from the different radiation intensity of the two bands received by the detector. A method for calculating the projected area of the target is proposed and the method for calculating the infrared radiation intensity of the long-range target is discussed. The real radiation intensity of the target can be calculated according to Planck's radiation law, but the premise is that the projection area of the target in the direction of line of sight is known, so it is necessary to establish a model for calculating the projected area of the target. According to the purpose of radiation detection, we assume that the target is a cone, and give the method of calculating the projected area of the target under different observation directions. The attenuation of infrared radiation is affected by scattering and meteorological conditions. The absorption attenuation of water vapor and CO2 gas to infrared radiation is mainly analyzed. The correction of their absorption transmittance at different altitude and sloping distance is considered. Then a model for calculating atmospheric attenuation in any direction is proposed considering the curvature of the earth. The results of atmospheric absorption, scattering and attenuation of meteorological conditions in the two bands of 3 ~ 5 渭 m and 8 ~ 12 渭 m are calculated, respectively. Based on the specific data and charts, the infrared radiation detection of remote targets is discussed. Firstly, according to the data obtained from the analysis, the requirements for meteorological conditions of long-range infrared radiation detection are obtained. That is to say, it must be carried out under the condition of good meteorological conditions. Then, the requirements of long-range radiation detection for altitude are analyzed, and the attenuation law of infrared radiation at different altitudes is given. Then, the attenuation law of long-range target radiation detection under different transmission distances is discussed. Finally, the specific relationship between the temperature of the target and the ratio of two bands at specific altitude and different detection range is given, and a brief analysis is given. In the case of about 10 km high altitude, the distance of target infrared radiation measurement can be increased from dozens km to several hundred km, which provides theoretical and technical support for further analysis of target radiation characteristics.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TN215

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本文編號：1425098