本文關(guān)鍵詞：高性能紅外探測系統(tǒng)研究　出處：《上海交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 紅外 量子阱探測器 低背景光譜儀 探測系統(tǒng)

【摘要】：紅外探測在物理、化學(xué)、醫(yī)療、軍事等諸多領(lǐng)域有重要應(yīng)用,高性能探測系統(tǒng)的研究對于推動該領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展具有重要意義,而探測器與探測系統(tǒng)的搭建是決定探測系統(tǒng)性能的關(guān)鍵因素。量子阱探測器憑借其較好的均勻性、成熟的工藝和高速的響應(yīng)等優(yōu)點在中紅外及太赫茲波段探測中受到越來越廣泛的關(guān)注。本文首先研究了影響及限制中紅外、太赫茲量子阱探測器性能的因素。然后,針對弱信號探測,提出了一種基于光柵干涉儀的低背景探測系統(tǒng)。在探測器研究部分,本文對峰值波長為9微米的中紅外量子阱探測器和峰值波長為44微米的太赫茲量子阱探測器進(jìn)行了實驗與理論的細(xì)致研究。對于中紅外量子阱探測器,理論與實驗相結(jié)合,系統(tǒng)的研究了暗電流的溫度特性及偏壓特性,研究了暗電流的主要機(jī)制,并給出了該器件的極限探測率。對于太赫茲量子阱探測器,系統(tǒng)的研究了其暗電流的溫度特性,偏壓特性,并對其熱激發(fā),散射輔助隧穿及阱間隧穿對暗電流的貢獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了計算。同時,對其光電流響應(yīng)進(jìn)行了討論。由于其結(jié)構(gòu)特點,太赫茲量子阱探測器工作溫度較低,極大限制其應(yīng)用,對此提出兩種提高其工作溫度的方法。在探測系統(tǒng)部分,本文提出了可實現(xiàn)紅外弱信號探測的高性能探測系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)能有效降低探測器的背景輻射,進(jìn)而提高探測器的探測率和信噪比。首先,分析了工作在不同狀態(tài)下限制探測器性能的因素,結(jié)果表明暗電流限制模式下,降低器件工作溫度即可提高探測性能,但一旦進(jìn)入背景限制模式,則必須降低背景輻射才能繼續(xù)提高探測性能,即要實現(xiàn)低背景探測。然后,針對紅外應(yīng)用中最常見的傅利葉紅外光譜儀系統(tǒng),分別介紹了邁克爾遜型和光柵型兩種光譜儀結(jié)構(gòu),結(jié)果表明用傳統(tǒng)邁克爾遜型光譜儀實現(xiàn)低背景探測需將整個干涉儀部分、光源及探測器都置于低溫環(huán)境下,結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜;然而,對于光柵型光譜儀,只需將光源和探測器部分置于低溫下即可實現(xiàn)低背景探測,簡單易行。最后,對系統(tǒng)的性能進(jìn)行計算,結(jié)果表明,理想情況下,對工作在背景限制下的探測器,當(dāng)由300K的背景輻射降至77K時,其探測率和信噪比可提高二至三個數(shù)量級,對實際9微米量子阱探測器器件,峰值探測率可提升一個數(shù)量級,該設(shè)計對于紅外高性能探測的實現(xiàn)具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:Infrared detection in the physical, chemical, medical, military and other fields have important applications, the research on high performance detection system is of great significance to promote the development of the field, and build the detector and the detection system is a key factor in deciding the detection performance of the system. Quantum well detector with good uniformity, more and more attention mature technology and high speed response advantages in infrared and terahertz detection. This paper studies the influence and restriction factors in infrared, terahertz quantum well detector. Then, aiming at the weak signal detection, and propose a low background detection system based on grating interferometer. In the detector research in this paper, the peak wavelength of terahertz quantum well photodetectors 9 micron infrared quantum well detector and the peak wavelength of 44 microns is studied by experiment and theory of fine For mid infrared quantum well detector, the combination of theory and practice, systematically studied the temperature characteristics and bias characteristics of dark current, the main mechanism of the dark current, and gives the limit of the device detection rate. For THz quantum well detector, the system of the dark current temperature characteristic, bias and, on the thermal excitation, scattering assisted tunneling and tunneling between traps on the dark current contribution is calculated. At the same time, the photocurrent response is discussed. Because of its structural features, THz quantum well detector working temperature is low, which limits its application, puts forward two kinds of methods to improve the working temperature the detection system. In the part, is proposed in this paper can achieve high performance infrared detection system of weak signal detection, the system can effectively reduce the background radiation detector, and then improve the detection rate of the probe and signal to noise ratio. First, analyzes the factors limiting the performance of the detector working under different conditions. The results show that the dark current limiting mode, reducing device temperature can improve the detection performance, but once in the background of limited mode, we must reduce the background radiation in order to improve the detection performance, namely to achieve low background detection. Then, according to the most common infrared application the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer system, the paper introduces the Michelson type and type two grating spectrometer structure, the results show that the traditional Michelson spectrometer to achieve low background detection should be the interferometer, the light source and detector are placed in the low temperature environment, complex structure; however, the grating spectrometer, only the light source under low temperature and the detector can achieve low background detection, simple and easy. Finally, the performance of the system was calculated, the results show that under ideal conditions, To work in the background under the limit of the detector, when the background radiation of 300K to 77K, the detection rate and the SNR is increased by two to three orders of magnitude of the actual 9 micron quantum well detector device, the peak detection rate can be improved by an order of magnitude, the design has important significance to the realization of high performance infrared detection.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TN215

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