【摘要】：由于資源的有限性以及人類對環(huán)境保護(hù)意識的增強(qiáng)，用戶對電能可靠性和質(zhì)量的要求也在不斷提高，對當(dāng)前電力系統(tǒng)提出了嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)，建設(shè)智能電網(wǎng)成為全世界各個國家電力行業(yè)的發(fā)展趨勢。通過改變用戶對電能的使用方式，以節(jié)約能源損耗，降低能源需求的增長速度，需求響應(yīng)正是在這一認(rèn)識下快速發(fā)展起來的。需求響應(yīng)，是電力用戶的一種市場參與行為，用戶針對市場激勵機(jī)制或價格信號進(jìn)行響應(yīng)，對其原有的用電模式進(jìn)行改變。用戶根據(jù)電力市場的激勵作用對其用電需求進(jìn)行調(diào)整，實現(xiàn)節(jié)能減排，，優(yōu)化資源配置，從而對市場的穩(wěn)定性以及電網(wǎng)的可靠性起到良好的促進(jìn)作用，對電力市場的發(fā)展和完善有著重要意義。 首先，針對供電商的供電量不能滿足所有用戶最小用電需求這一問題提出了基于接納控制的智能電網(wǎng)需求響應(yīng)方案。通過設(shè)計分布式用電量調(diào)度與實時定價算法得到用戶的最優(yōu)用電量和電價，進(jìn)而通過設(shè)計兩類接納控制算法，滿足了購電用戶的最小用電量需求。仿真結(jié)果表明，該方案有效地實現(xiàn)了電網(wǎng)的供需平衡，提高了用戶對電能的利用效率，同時保證了用戶的用電質(zhì)量。 其次，考慮了智能電網(wǎng)中多個供電商為多個用戶服務(wù)場景下的需求響應(yīng)問題，提出一種基于實時定價的用電調(diào)度方案，包括用戶的電能分配，供電商的選擇和實時電價三方面內(nèi)容。首先，該用電調(diào)度方案是一個組合優(yōu)化問題，通過設(shè)計分布式算法，使用戶和供電商聯(lián)合計算出用戶的最優(yōu)用電量分配，供電商選擇以及電價。提出的算法公平并且有效的實現(xiàn)了電力系統(tǒng)中所有用戶的總收益最大化。仿真結(jié)果證實，提出的分布式算法使用戶對供電商提供的電能有較高的利用率，同時最大化所有用戶的總用電收益，實現(xiàn)了電網(wǎng)的供需平衡。 最后，進(jìn)一步考慮了智能電網(wǎng)中家庭用戶的用電調(diào)度問題。用戶有兩類可被調(diào)度的用電器，在電價已知的情況下，提出了一種最優(yōu)的家庭用電調(diào)度方案對兩類可調(diào)度用電器進(jìn)行調(diào)度，實現(xiàn)用戶用電花費和不滿意度之間的權(quán)衡。將上述用電調(diào)度問題建模為同時含有連續(xù)變量與離散變量的非凸優(yōu)化問題，通過求解該問題獲得最優(yōu)的調(diào)度策略。仿真結(jié)果表明，該方案有效地減少了用戶用電花費和不滿意度之間的權(quán)衡，同時減少了一天中用電峰值和平均值的比值。
[Abstract]:Due to the limitation of resources and the enhancement of human awareness of environmental protection, users' requirements for power reliability and quality are also improving, which poses a severe challenge to the current power system. The construction of smart grid has become the development trend of power industry in various countries all over the world. By changing the way users use electric energy in order to save energy consumption and reduce the growth rate of energy demand, demand response is developed rapidly under this understanding. Demand response is a kind of market participation behavior of power users. Users respond to market incentive mechanism or price signal and change their original power consumption mode. According to the incentive function of the power market, users adjust their electricity demand, realize energy saving and emission reduction, and optimize the allocation of resources, which plays a good role in promoting the stability of the market and the reliability of the power grid, and is of great significance to the development and improvement of the power market. Firstly, a smart grid demand response scheme based on admission control is proposed to solve the problem that the power supply of power suppliers can not meet the minimum demand of all users. The optimal power consumption and electricity price of users are obtained by designing distributed power consumption scheduling and real-time pricing algorithms, and then the minimum electricity consumption requirements of power buyers are met by designing two kinds of admission control algorithms. The simulation results show that the scheme effectively realizes the balance between supply and demand of power grid, improves the efficiency of power utilization by users, and ensures the quality of electricity consumption of users at the same time. Secondly, considering the demand response of multiple power suppliers serving multiple users in smart grid, a power dispatching scheme based on real-time pricing is proposed, which includes three aspects: the power distribution of users, the selection of power suppliers and the real-time electricity price. First of all, the power dispatching scheme is a combinatorial optimization problem. Through the design of distributed algorithm, the optimal power consumption distribution, supplier selection and electricity price of the user can be calculated jointly by the user and the power supplier. The proposed algorithm is fair and effective to maximize the total income of all users in the power system. The simulation results show that the proposed distributed algorithm has a high utilization rate of the electric energy provided by the power supply provider, and maximizes the total electricity consumption income of all users, and realizes the balance between supply and demand of the power grid. Finally, the problem of power dispatching for home users in smart grid is further considered. Users have two kinds of electrical appliances that can be dispatched. under the condition that the electricity price is known, an optimal home power dispatching scheme is proposed to schedule the two kinds of schedulable electrical appliances to realize the tradeoff between user consumption cost and dissatisfaction. The above power scheduling problem is modeled as a nonconvex optimization problem with both continuous and discrete variables, and the optimal scheduling strategy is obtained by solving the problem. The simulation results show that the scheme effectively reduces the trade-off between user power consumption and dissatisfaction, and reduces the ratio of peak to average electricity consumption in a day.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：燕山大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM73

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