【摘要】：隨著電力電子技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,開關(guān)電源因具有重量輕、效率高和體積小等諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn)而得到了越來越廣泛的應(yīng)用,大量電子設(shè)備對其供電電源的穩(wěn)定性、穩(wěn)壓精度、瞬態(tài)響應(yīng)速度等性能提出了越來越高的要求。傳統(tǒng)的以電壓型控制、電流型控制為代表的脈沖寬度調(diào)制(Pulse Width Modulation, PWM)技術(shù)成熟、應(yīng)用廣泛,但存在輕載效率低、動態(tài)響應(yīng)速度慢等問題。因此,為提升開關(guān)電源的性能,本論文提出并研究了開關(guān)變換器多頻率(Multi-frequency, MF)控制技術(shù)。開關(guān)變換器多頻率控制技術(shù)是通過多個不同頻率的控制脈沖的組合,實現(xiàn)對開關(guān)變換器輸出電壓的調(diào)節(jié),是一種不同于PWM控制技術(shù)、且立足于雙頻率控制拓展的新穎控制技術(shù)。與傳統(tǒng)PWM控制相比,該控制技術(shù)具有更快的瞬態(tài)響應(yīng)速度和更好的魯棒性；與雙頻率(Bi-frequency, BF)控制相比,該控制技術(shù)由于更多頻率脈沖的設(shè)置,具有更寬的負(fù)載功率范圍、更低的輸出電壓紋波、更高的輕載效率等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。首先研究了雙頻率控制技術(shù)的控制原理與特性,在對控制脈沖組合規(guī)律、輸出電壓紋波、瞬態(tài)特性和頻率特性進(jìn)行研究的基礎(chǔ)上,指出了雙頻率控制技術(shù)用于電感電流斷續(xù)導(dǎo)電模式(Discontinuous Conduction Mode, DCM)開關(guān)變換器存在無法兼顧輸出功率范圍和輸出電壓紋波大小、不適用輕載或空載工作的問題,以及用于電感電流連續(xù)導(dǎo)電模式(Continuous Conduction Mode, CCM)開關(guān)變換器時存在瞬態(tài)性能差與輸出電壓低頻波動的問題。本文研究的多頻率控制技術(shù)在保留雙頻率控制技術(shù)優(yōu)點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,有效解決了其在應(yīng)用中存在的問題。分析了多頻率控制技術(shù)的原理,研究了DCM開關(guān)變換器電壓型和電流型多頻率控制技術(shù),分析了兩種控制技術(shù)下的穩(wěn)定性、輸出電壓波動量、控制脈沖組合方式、輸出電壓紋波等特性,通過能量迭代模型研究了輸出電容電壓的運(yùn)行軌跡,對比研究了兩種控制技術(shù)的性能差異和相互關(guān)系。論文將多頻率控制技術(shù)進(jìn)一步拓展應(yīng)用到CCM開關(guān)變換器,在分析其控制原理與特性的基礎(chǔ)上,利用能量迭代模型研究了輸出電壓低頻波動的產(chǎn)生機(jī)理,并定量研究了輸出電容等效串聯(lián)電阻值大小對低頻波動現(xiàn)象的影響。針對多頻率控制CCM開關(guān)變換器存在的低頻波動問題,研究了電感電流偽連續(xù)導(dǎo)電模式(PseudoContinuous Conduction Mode, PCCM)開關(guān)變換器多頻率控制技術(shù)和CCM開關(guān)變換器峰值電流型固定關(guān)斷時間多頻率控制技術(shù)的原理與特性。研究結(jié)果表明：兩種方式均有效抑制了多頻率控制技術(shù)應(yīng)用于CCM開關(guān)變換器存在的低頻波動現(xiàn)象。建立了電壓型雙頻率控制、電流型雙頻率控制、電壓型多頻率控制和電流型多頻率控制DCM開關(guān)變換器的一維動力學(xué)模型及相應(yīng)的特征值方程,采用分岔圖、Lyapunov指數(shù)、時域波形、相軌圖、頻譜圖研究了雙頻率控制和多頻率控制DCM開關(guān)變換器的非線性動力學(xué)特性,研究結(jié)果表明：電壓型雙頻率控制DCM Buck變換器存在邊界碰撞分岔行為和多周期行為,其周期3行為并不意味著變換器會必然發(fā)生混沌行為；與電壓型雙頻率控制相比,負(fù)載變化時,電流型雙頻率控制具有相似的分岔路由和動力學(xué)行為；而輸入電壓變化時,電流型雙頻率控制表現(xiàn)出截然不同的動力學(xué)特性；與電壓型雙頻率控制相比,電壓型多頻率控制和電流型多頻率控制因誤差界限電壓的不同而表現(xiàn)出自相似現(xiàn)象和混頻現(xiàn)象。此外,論文還建立了多頻率控制CCM開關(guān)變換器的動力學(xué)模型,并分析了相應(yīng)的動力學(xué)特性,揭示了電壓型多頻率控制CCM開關(guān)變換器存在低頻波動現(xiàn)象；峰值電流型固定關(guān)斷時間多頻率控制CCM開關(guān)變換器不存在低頻波動現(xiàn)象,而表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的多周期行為。本論文對各種控制技術(shù)的研究均基于Buck變換器,控制技術(shù)均通過基于FPGA的數(shù)字控制方式實現(xiàn),所有理論研究結(jié)果的正確性均通過軟件仿真和電路實驗進(jìn)行了驗證。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the power electronic technology, the switching power supply has become more and more widely applied because of the advantages of light weight, high efficiency and small volume, The transient response speed and other performances have raised more and more requirements. The conventional pulse-width modulation (PWM) technology, which is represented by voltage-type control and current-type control, is mature and has wide application, but it has the problems of low light load efficiency and slow dynamic response speed. Therefore, in order to improve the performance of the switching power supply, the multi-frequency (MF) control technology of the switching converter is proposed and studied. The multi-frequency control technology of the switching converter is a novel control technology which is different from the PWM control technology and is based on the dual-frequency control expansion, which is a combination of a plurality of control pulses with different frequencies. Compared with the conventional PWM control, the control technology has a faster transient response speed and better robustness; and compared with the control of the bi-frequency (BF), the control technology has a wider load power range and lower output voltage ripple due to the arrangement of more frequency pulses, And the like. The control principle and characteristics of the dual-frequency control technology are first studied. On the basis of the study of the control pulse combination law, the output voltage ripple, the transient characteristic and the frequency characteristic, the two-frequency control technology is used in the discontinuous conduction mode of the inductive current. The DCM converter has the problem that the output power range and the output voltage ripple size cannot be taken into account, the light load or no-load operation is not applicable, and the problem that the transient performance difference and the output voltage low-frequency fluctuation exist in the continuous conduction mode (CCM) switching converter for the inductor current. In this paper, the multi-frequency control technology is used to keep the advantages of the dual-frequency control technology, and the problems existing in the application of the multi-frequency control technology are effectively solved. The principle of the multi-frequency control technology is analyzed, the voltage type and the current type multi-frequency control technology of the DCM switch converter are studied, the stability, the output voltage fluctuation amount, the control pulse combination mode, the output voltage ripple and the like of the two control technologies are analyzed, The running track of the output capacitor voltage is studied by the energy iteration model, and the performance difference and the relation of the two control technologies are compared. In this paper, the multi-frequency control technology is further extended to the CCM switch converter. Based on the analysis of its control principle and characteristics, the generation mechanism of the low-frequency fluctuation of the output voltage is studied by using the energy iteration model. The effect of the equivalent series resistance of the output capacitor on the low-frequency fluctuation is quantitatively studied. The principle and characteristics of the multi-frequency control technology of the pseudo-continuous conduction mode (PCCM), the multi-frequency control technology of the switching converter of the CCM and the multi-frequency control technology of the peak current-type fixed-off time of the CCM are studied for the low-frequency fluctuation problem of the multi-frequency control CCM (CCM) switching converter. The results show that in both ways, the low-frequency fluctuation of the multi-frequency control technology applied to the CCM switching converter is effectively suppressed. A one-dimensional dynamic model of a voltage-type dual-frequency control, a current-type double-frequency control, a voltage-type multi-frequency control and a current-type multi-frequency control DCM switching converter is established, The non-linear dynamic characteristics of the dual-frequency control and multi-frequency controlled DCM (DCM) switching converter are studied in the frequency spectrum. The results show that the voltage-type dual-frequency control (DCM) Buck converter has a boundary collision bifurcation behavior and a multi-cycle behavior. its cycle 3 behavior does not mean that the converter will necessarily have mixed-frequency behavior; in comparison with the voltage-type dual-frequency control, the current-type dual-frequency control has similar sub-branch and dynamic behavior when the load is changed; and when the input voltage is changed, Compared with the voltage-type double-frequency control, the voltage-type multi-frequency control and the current-type multi-frequency control show similar phenomena and mixed phenomena due to the difference of the error limit voltage. In addition, the dynamic model of the multi-frequency control CCM (CCM) switching converter is established, and the corresponding dynamic characteristics are analyzed, and the phenomenon of low-frequency fluctuation of the CCM switch converter with the voltage-type multi-frequency control is revealed. The peak current type fixed-off time multi-frequency control CCM switch converter does not have a low-frequency fluctuation phenomenon, and shows a strong multi-cycle behavior. The research of the control technology is based on the Buck converter, and the control technology is realized by the digital control method based on the FPGA. The correctness of all the theoretical research results is verified by the software simulation and the circuit experiment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM46

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