【摘要】：風(fēng)能作為一種無(wú)污染、可持續(xù)發(fā)展的能源越來(lái)越受到人類(lèi)的重視。風(fēng)力發(fā)電作為一種風(fēng)能的主要利用形式正以前所未有的速度發(fā)展，風(fēng)力發(fā)電代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)能源發(fā)電的比例正逐步上升，并在電力系統(tǒng)中越來(lái)越受到歡迎和重視。 首先，，本文闡述了國(guó)內(nèi)外能源現(xiàn)狀，論述了研究風(fēng)電的必要性，介紹了風(fēng)電研究現(xiàn)狀；給出了離網(wǎng)小型風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)，包含了定槳距風(fēng)力機(jī)、永磁同步直驅(qū)發(fā)電機(jī)、三相不可控二極管整流電路、Boost變換器、最大功率跟蹤控制器等；介紹了風(fēng)電系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行特性和功率調(diào)節(jié)的原理；分析研究了不同的最大功率跟蹤控制算法的原理，對(duì)葉尖速比控制、功率信號(hào)反饋控制和擾動(dòng)觀(guān)察法等控制算法進(jìn)行了分析比較；為了克服傳統(tǒng)的擾動(dòng)觀(guān)察法的缺點(diǎn)，提出了一種新的變步長(zhǎng)擾動(dòng)觀(guān)察法。 其次，基于MATLAB/Simulink建立了離網(wǎng)小型風(fēng)電系統(tǒng)仿真模型，對(duì)風(fēng)電系統(tǒng)的特性進(jìn)行了仿真，并且對(duì)固定步長(zhǎng)擾動(dòng)法和變步長(zhǎng)擾動(dòng)法進(jìn)行了仿真，仿真結(jié)果表明，擾動(dòng)觀(guān)察法可以有效跟蹤最大功率，與固定步長(zhǎng)法相比，變步長(zhǎng)擾動(dòng)法提高了最大功率跟蹤的準(zhǔn)確性和快速性。 最后，搭建了小型風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)，對(duì)小型風(fēng)電系統(tǒng)的外特性進(jìn)行了測(cè)試；設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)了Boost電路和功率控制器，對(duì)離網(wǎng)小型風(fēng)力發(fā)電進(jìn)行了最大功率跟蹤控制實(shí)驗(yàn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果證明擾動(dòng)觀(guān)察法可以有效跟蹤最大功率。
[Abstract]:As a kind of pollution-free and sustainable energy, wind energy has been paid more and more attention by human beings. Wind power generation, as the main utilization form of wind energy, is developing at an unprecedented speed. The proportion of wind power generation instead of traditional energy power generation is gradually rising, and has been more and more popular and valued in the power system. First of all, this paper expounds the present situation of energy at home and abroad, discusses the necessity of studying wind power, and introduces the present situation of wind power research. The system structure of off-grid small wind power generation system is given, including fixed pitch wind turbine, permanent magnet synchronous direct drive generator, three-phase uncontrollable diode rectifier circuit, Boost converter, maximum power tracking controller and so on. The operation characteristics of wind power system and the principle of power regulation are introduced. The principles of different maximum power tracking control algorithms are analyzed and studied, and the control algorithms such as tip speed ratio control, power signal feedback control and disturbance observation method are analyzed and compared. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional disturbance observation method, a new variable step disturbance observation method is proposed. Secondly, based on MATLAB/Simulink, the simulation model of off-grid small wind power system is established, the characteristics of wind power system are simulated, and the fixed step size disturbance method and variable step size disturbance method are simulated. The simulation results show that, The disturbance observation method can effectively track the maximum power. Compared with the fixed step size method, the variable step size disturbance method improves the accuracy and rapidity of the maximum power tracking. Finally, a small wind power generation system is built, and the external characteristics of the small wind power system are tested. The Boost circuit and power controller are designed and implemented, and the maximum power tracking control experiment is carried out for off-grid small wind power generation. The experimental results show that the disturbance observation method can effectively track the maximum power.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM614

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