【摘要】：國內(nèi)多條特高壓直流線路都需經(jīng)過高海拔地區(qū)，對(duì)高海拔地區(qū)復(fù)合支柱絕緣子積污和污閃特性展開研究具有重要意義。目前積污特性研究主要依靠自然積污試驗(yàn)，對(duì)積污過程中復(fù)合支柱絕緣子周圍流體力學(xué)特性、污穢顆粒撞擊情況等方面的研究較少。本文結(jié)合仿真計(jì)算和自然積污試驗(yàn)，從微觀機(jī)理和實(shí)際測(cè)量?jī)煞矫嫒胧郑芯扛吆０蔚貐^(qū)復(fù)合支柱絕緣子自然積污規(guī)律，并在高海拔地區(qū)對(duì)復(fù)合支柱絕緣子開展人工污穢試驗(yàn)研究其直流污閃特性，結(jié)果具有一定的理論和工程實(shí)用價(jià)值。 本文首先建立不同傘形結(jié)構(gòu)、傘裙參數(shù)復(fù)合支柱絕緣子三維模型，利用流體力學(xué)仿真軟件Fluent對(duì)其積污過程絕緣子外流場(chǎng)進(jìn)行分析；將各絕緣子分為上、中、下三部分，每一部分又分大傘上、下表面，小傘上、下表面、桿徑五個(gè)部位，計(jì)算絕緣子不同位置污穢顆粒撞擊密度；在特高壓工程技術(shù)（昆明）國家工程實(shí)驗(yàn)室開展自然積污試驗(yàn)測(cè)得絕緣子不同部位鹽密、灰密值，并與仿真結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比驗(yàn)證，得出相關(guān)規(guī)律。最后對(duì)復(fù)合支柱絕緣子進(jìn)行直流污閃試驗(yàn)，對(duì)海拔、加壓方式、鹽密、灰密等因素對(duì)直流污閃特性的影響展開分析研究。 通過以上研究，，可得主要成果如下： （1）一大一小傘形積污情況比一大兩小傘形嚴(yán)重；合理增加絕緣子傘伸出值可提高防污水平；在旱季或雨水較少的高海拔地區(qū)，復(fù)合支柱絕緣子上表面污穢情況比下表面嚴(yán)重；同一復(fù)合支柱絕緣子越往下積污情況越嚴(yán)重；仿真和自然積污試驗(yàn)分別認(rèn)為桿徑和小傘的積污情況最嚴(yán)重。 （2）污穢顆粒粒徑大于5μm時(shí)，隨粒徑增加，污穢顆粒撞擊密度增加；兩種傘形絕緣子污穢顆粒撞擊密度隨風(fēng)速增大均先減小后增大，趨勢(shì)改變的臨界點(diǎn)為5m/s。 （3）復(fù)合支柱絕緣子直流污閃電壓與海拔高度的線性關(guān)系可表示為：U/U0=1-0.054H；直流污閃電壓隨污穢程度、鹽密、灰密的增大均呈不同程度的非線性的下降趨勢(shì)；升壓法可用于污穢試驗(yàn)中作定性分析，定量研究建議采用升降法。
[Abstract]:It is of great significance to study the pollution and flashover characteristics of the composite column insulator in the high-altitude area through the high-altitude area. At present, the research of the pollution characteristic mainly depends on the natural accumulation test, and has little research on the fluid dynamics and the impact of the pollution particles in the composite post insulator during the deposition process. Combined with the simulation calculation and the natural fouling test, this paper starts from the two aspects of the micro-mechanism and the practical measurement, and studies the natural soil-accumulation rule of the composite post insulator in the high-altitude area, and studies the direct-current pollution flashover characteristic of the composite post insulator in the high-altitude area. The result has a certain theory and practical value. In this paper, the three-dimensional model of the composite post insulator of the umbrella structure and the umbrella skirt is established, and the external flow field of the insulator is analyzed by the fluid dynamics simulation software Fluent. The insulators are divided into upper, middle and lower three parts, each part of which is divided into a large umbrella, and the following table The impact density of the dirty particles at different positions of the insulator is calculated by the five parts of the upper surface, the lower surface and the rod diameter of the surface, the small umbrella, the lower surface and the rod diameter, and the salt density and the ash density value of different parts of the insulator are measured in the high-voltage engineering (Kunming) national engineering laboratory and compared with the simulation results. The relevant rules are obtained. The influence of the factors such as altitude, pressure, salt density and ash density on the characteristics of the direct current pollution flashover is analyzed and research on the influence of the factors such as altitude, pressure, salt density and ash density on the characteristics of the DC pollution flashover. by the above-mentioned study, it is possible to obtain the main product The results are as follows: (1) a large small umbrella-type sewage is more serious than a big two-small umbrella; a reasonable increase of the extension value of the insulator can improve the anti-pollution level; in the dry season or the rain is less In the high-altitude area, the surface pollution of the composite column insulator is serious than that of the lower surface; the more serious the contamination of the insulator of the same composite column is, the more serious the simulation and the natural fouling test consider the accumulated pollution of the rod diameter and the small umbrella (2) When the particle size of the dirty particles is more than 5. m u.m, the impact density of the dirty particles is increased with the increase of the particle size, and the impact density of the dirty particles of the two umbrella-type insulators increases with the increase of the wind speed, and the trend is changed. The linear relation between the DC pollution flashover voltage and the altitude of the composite column insulator can be expressed as: U/ U0 = 1-0.054H; the direct current pollution flashover voltage with the degree of pollution, the density of the salt and the increase of the density of the gray density all show a different degree of non-linear decreasing trend; the step-up method can be used for sewage treatment. Qualitative analysis and quantification in the laboratory test
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM721.1

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