高壓直流輸電系統(tǒng)線路保護、故障重啟及故障測距方法的研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-11 20:31
【摘要】：高壓直流輸電(High Voltage Direct Current,HVDC)以其在輸電穩(wěn)定性、可控性、經(jīng)濟性等方面的優(yōu)勢,正逐步成為我國遠距離、大容量輸電及大區(qū)域聯(lián)網(wǎng)的重要方式,其運行可靠性不僅關(guān)系到系統(tǒng)本身及內(nèi)部設(shè)備的安全,甚至會對整個電網(wǎng)的運行穩(wěn)定性造成重大影響。相關(guān)統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)表明,直流系統(tǒng)故障主要為直流線路故障,因此,靈敏、可靠的直流線路繼電保護,準確、快速的直流線路故障測距和故障重啟策略,對于保障高壓直流輸電系統(tǒng)安全的意義重大。在直流線路保護方面,目前普遍采用以行波保護為主保護,輔以微分欠壓保護和縱聯(lián)差動保護的配置方案,該配置方案可以正確動作于大多數(shù)線路故障類型,但在線路發(fā)生高阻接地故障時存在拒動的問題。在直流線路故障測距方面,目前主要采用行波測距法,但當故障接地電阻較高或故障行波較弱時,行波法存在波頭不易檢測、存在出口死區(qū)等問題。在線路故障重啟方面,目前采用的重啟方式為定延時重啟,若重合于永久性故障,將對輸電系統(tǒng)造成二次沖擊,危害系統(tǒng)及輸電設(shè)備安全。針對以上問題,本文的主要工作包括:(1)帶直流線路開路試驗中開路電壓的計算借鑒不帶線路開路電壓公式的推導方法,通過分析直流設(shè)備及線路元件對開路電壓的影響,確定帶線路開路電壓的穩(wěn)定條件,并通過對現(xiàn)有不帶線路開路公式進行修正,給出適用于帶線路開路試驗的開路電壓計算公式。該公式可用于修正開路試驗電壓保護的動作門檻值,防止開路試驗電壓保護在進行正常帶線路開路試驗時出現(xiàn)保護誤動,在本文中,相關(guān)結(jié)論還用于直流線路故障重啟過程中的直流線路電壓分析。(2)基于直流線路電壓的直流線路故障重啟改進方案研究從現(xiàn)有直流線路故障重啟策略入手,對故障極線路重啟前的直流線路電壓特征進行分析,利用直流線路電壓在故障點消失前后的變化特征判斷故障點是否消失,并以此為依據(jù)確定是否執(zhí)行線路重啟操作,實現(xiàn)直流輸電線路的自適應重啟。(3)智能算法在直流線路故障測距上的應用研究分別給出了基于遺傳算法和神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡算法的線路故障測距方法,討論了智能優(yōu)化算法在故障測距中的應用方式和優(yōu)缺點。所提出的基于智能算法的故障測距方法可利用故障后任意時刻的數(shù)據(jù)完成故障測距,測距結(jié)果基本不受接地電阻和故障點位置的影響,同時降低了線路參數(shù)變化對測距精度的影響。(4)高阻接地故障后備保護研究在利用現(xiàn)有保護配置的前提下,通過修改保護配合邏輯,給出了針對高阻接地故障的改進動作方案,有效地減少了線路發(fā)生高阻接地故障時線路保護拒動情況的出現(xiàn)。本文針對高壓直流輸電線路保護、故障重啟邏輯及故障測距方法存在的實際問題展開討論,給出了相應的改進方案,所得結(jié)論對于提高直流輸電系統(tǒng)運行的安全性、穩(wěn)定性具有重要的實際意義。
[Abstract]:HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current,HVDC) is gradually becoming an important way of long-distance, large-capacity transmission and large regional networking in China because of its advantages in transmission stability, controllability, economy and so on. Its operation reliability is not only related to the security of the system itself and internal equipment, but also has a great impact on the operation stability of the whole power grid. The relevant statistical data show that the DC system fault is mainly DC line fault, therefore, sensitive and reliable DC line relay protection, accurate and fast DC line fault distance measurement and fault restart strategy. It is of great significance to ensure the safety of HVDC transmission system. In the aspect of DC line protection, traveling wave protection is widely used as the main protection, supplemented by differential undervoltage protection and longitudinal differential protection, which can operate correctly in most line fault types. However, there is a problem of rejection in the case of high resistance grounding fault. In the aspect of DC line fault location, traveling wave ranging method is mainly used at present, but when the fault grounding resistance is high or the fault traveling wave is weak, the traveling wave method is difficult to detect, and there are some problems such as exit dead zone and so on. In the aspect of line fault restart, the current restart mode is fixed delay restart. If the restart coincides with the permanent fault, it will cause secondary impact on the transmission system and endanger the safety of the system and transmission equipment. In view of the above problems, the main work of this paper is as follows: (1) the calculation of open circuit voltage in open circuit test of DC line is based on the derivation method of open circuit voltage formula without line, and the influence of DC equipment and line components on open circuit voltage is analyzed. The stability condition of open circuit voltage with line is determined, and by modifying the existing open circuit formula without line, the calculation formula of open circuit voltage suitable for open circuit test with line is given. The formula can be used to modify the action threshold of open circuit test voltage protection and prevent the protection misoperation of open circuit test voltage protection when carrying out the open circuit test of normal band line. In this paper, The relevant conclusions are also used to analyze the DC line voltage in the process of DC line fault restart. (2) the improvement scheme of DC line fault restart based on DC line voltage starts with the existing DC line fault restart strategy. The voltage characteristics of DC line before the restart of fault pole line are analyzed, and the variation characteristics of DC line voltage before and after the disappearance of fault point are used to determine whether the fault point disappears or not, and on this basis, whether to perform line restart operation is determined. The adaptive restart of DC transmission line is realized. (3) the application of intelligent algorithm in DC line fault location is studied, and the line fault location method based on genetic algorithm and neural network algorithm is given respectively. The application mode, advantages and disadvantages of intelligent optimization algorithm in fault location are discussed. The proposed fault location method based on intelligent algorithm can use the data at any time after the fault to complete the fault location, and the location result is basically not affected by the grounding resistance and the location of the fault point. At the same time, the influence of line parameter change on location accuracy is reduced. (4) the research of high resistance grounding fault backup protection under the premise of using the existing protection configuration, by modifying the protection coordination logic, An improved action scheme for high resistance grounding fault is given, which effectively reduces the rejection of line protection when high resistance grounding fault occurs. In this paper, the practical problems existing in HVDC line protection, fault restart logic and fault location method are discussed, and the corresponding improvement schemes are given. the conclusion is drawn that the safety of HVDC system can be improved. Stability is of great practical significance.
【學位授予單位】：天津大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM773;TM732
本文編號：2474824
[Abstract]:HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current,HVDC) is gradually becoming an important way of long-distance, large-capacity transmission and large regional networking in China because of its advantages in transmission stability, controllability, economy and so on. Its operation reliability is not only related to the security of the system itself and internal equipment, but also has a great impact on the operation stability of the whole power grid. The relevant statistical data show that the DC system fault is mainly DC line fault, therefore, sensitive and reliable DC line relay protection, accurate and fast DC line fault distance measurement and fault restart strategy. It is of great significance to ensure the safety of HVDC transmission system. In the aspect of DC line protection, traveling wave protection is widely used as the main protection, supplemented by differential undervoltage protection and longitudinal differential protection, which can operate correctly in most line fault types. However, there is a problem of rejection in the case of high resistance grounding fault. In the aspect of DC line fault location, traveling wave ranging method is mainly used at present, but when the fault grounding resistance is high or the fault traveling wave is weak, the traveling wave method is difficult to detect, and there are some problems such as exit dead zone and so on. In the aspect of line fault restart, the current restart mode is fixed delay restart. If the restart coincides with the permanent fault, it will cause secondary impact on the transmission system and endanger the safety of the system and transmission equipment. In view of the above problems, the main work of this paper is as follows: (1) the calculation of open circuit voltage in open circuit test of DC line is based on the derivation method of open circuit voltage formula without line, and the influence of DC equipment and line components on open circuit voltage is analyzed. The stability condition of open circuit voltage with line is determined, and by modifying the existing open circuit formula without line, the calculation formula of open circuit voltage suitable for open circuit test with line is given. The formula can be used to modify the action threshold of open circuit test voltage protection and prevent the protection misoperation of open circuit test voltage protection when carrying out the open circuit test of normal band line. In this paper, The relevant conclusions are also used to analyze the DC line voltage in the process of DC line fault restart. (2) the improvement scheme of DC line fault restart based on DC line voltage starts with the existing DC line fault restart strategy. The voltage characteristics of DC line before the restart of fault pole line are analyzed, and the variation characteristics of DC line voltage before and after the disappearance of fault point are used to determine whether the fault point disappears or not, and on this basis, whether to perform line restart operation is determined. The adaptive restart of DC transmission line is realized. (3) the application of intelligent algorithm in DC line fault location is studied, and the line fault location method based on genetic algorithm and neural network algorithm is given respectively. The application mode, advantages and disadvantages of intelligent optimization algorithm in fault location are discussed. The proposed fault location method based on intelligent algorithm can use the data at any time after the fault to complete the fault location, and the location result is basically not affected by the grounding resistance and the location of the fault point. At the same time, the influence of line parameter change on location accuracy is reduced. (4) the research of high resistance grounding fault backup protection under the premise of using the existing protection configuration, by modifying the protection coordination logic, An improved action scheme for high resistance grounding fault is given, which effectively reduces the rejection of line protection when high resistance grounding fault occurs. In this paper, the practical problems existing in HVDC line protection, fault restart logic and fault location method are discussed, and the corresponding improvement schemes are given. the conclusion is drawn that the safety of HVDC system can be improved. Stability is of great practical significance.
【學位授予單位】：天津大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM773;TM732
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