【摘要】：鋰離子電池單體電壓低、容量小,為了滿足電動(dòng)汽車的性能需求,一般將大量單體電池串并聯(lián)成組使用。伴隨著電動(dòng)汽車的研究與推廣,單體不一致性問題越來越受到廣泛的重視。由于單體不一致,成組后的電池在容量利用率、循環(huán)壽命方面遠(yuǎn)不及單體電池,均衡管理是解決不一致性問題有效途徑之一,具有重要的實(shí)踐意義,而目前均衡控制方法的研究處于初期階段,均衡控制策略比較粗糙,存在很多難題亟待解決,論文針對(duì)均衡控制策略展開了較為深入的研究。首先介紹了鋰離子電池的性能參數(shù)和其在不同條件下的充放電特性,對(duì)比分析了鋰離子電池模型和荷電狀態(tài)估算方法。接著論述了電池不一致性成因、影響及其解決途徑,探索了依照不同均衡控制目標(biāo)進(jìn)行均衡控制的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),對(duì)不同均衡能量轉(zhuǎn)移方式下的電池組有效容量和荷電狀態(tài)進(jìn)行建模分析,研究不同均衡能量轉(zhuǎn)移方式對(duì)電池組性能的影響。然后論文建立了單體電池放電過程的微觀模型,基于該模型對(duì)電池組理想均衡狀態(tài)的內(nèi)涵和可達(dá)性進(jìn)行探討,然后確立了實(shí)際均衡目標(biāo),即在電池充放電末期控制端電壓一致,而在其它時(shí)期結(jié)合工況和均衡能力預(yù)測(cè)電量變化,將單體剩余電量或者充滿所需電量差異控制在均衡電路能處理的范圍內(nèi),然后依據(jù)該目標(biāo)設(shè)計(jì)面向全過程的均衡控制策略,并對(duì)該策略的性能進(jìn)行分析。最后通過仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法對(duì)所設(shè)計(jì)的均衡策略進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),從電池組可放出電量以及平均均衡電量轉(zhuǎn)移這兩個(gè)指標(biāo)對(duì)均衡策略進(jìn)行評(píng)估,并與目前廣泛應(yīng)用的端電壓中心均衡策略進(jìn)行對(duì)比,仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果表明面向全過程的均衡控制策略能較為有效地減少均衡電量轉(zhuǎn)移,提升電池組可放出電量。
[Abstract]:In order to meet the performance requirements of electric vehicles, a large number of single batteries are usually used in groups in order to meet the performance requirements of lithium ion batteries with low single voltage and small capacity. With the research and promotion of electric vehicles, more and more attention has been paid to the problem of monomer inconsistency. Due to the inconsistency of monomers, the capacity utilization rate and cycle life of the batteries in groups are far less than those of the single battery. Equilibrium management is one of the effective ways to solve the inconsistency problem, which is of great practical significance. At present, the research of equilibrium control method is in the initial stage, the equilibrium control strategy is relatively rough, there are many problems to be solved urgently. In this paper, the equilibrium control strategy has been deeply studied. Firstly, the performance parameters of lithium-ion battery and its charge-discharge characteristics under different conditions are introduced, and the lithium-ion battery model and charge state estimation method are compared and analyzed. Then the causes, effects and solutions of battery inconsistency are discussed, and the advantages and disadvantages of balanced control according to different equilibrium control objectives are explored. The effective capacity and charge state of the battery pack under different equilibrium energy transfer modes are modeled and analyzed, and the effects of different equilibrium energy transfer modes on the performance of the battery pack are studied. Then the microcosmic model of the discharge process of the single cell is established, and the connotation and reachability of the ideal equilibrium state of the battery pack are discussed based on the model, and then the actual equilibrium goal is established, that is, the voltage at the control end of the battery is consistent at the end of charge and discharge. In other periods, combined with the working condition and the equilibrium ability, the difference between the single residual electricity and the required electricity is controlled within the range that the equalizing circuit can handle, and then a balanced control strategy oriented to the whole process is designed according to the target. The performance of the strategy is analyzed. Finally, the designed equilibrium strategy is tested by simulation and experiment, and the equilibrium strategy is evaluated from the two indexes of battery pack discharge and average equilibrium electricity transfer. Compared with the widely used terminal voltage center balancing strategy, the simulation and experimental results show that the equilibrium control strategy for the whole process can effectively reduce the balanced power transfer and increase the battery pack to release electricity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM912

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