【摘要】：氧化鋅避雷器（MOA）其優(yōu)異的非線性U-I特性，在電網(wǎng)過(guò)電壓保護(hù)工作上起到了關(guān)鍵的作用。電力系統(tǒng)在正常運(yùn)行下，由于種種原因會(huì)有很多的因素致使過(guò)電壓作用到電氣設(shè)備上，如大氣、工頻過(guò)電壓、操作過(guò)電壓、諧振過(guò)電壓等，當(dāng)這些過(guò)電壓作用到電力設(shè)備上時(shí)，就可能發(fā)生設(shè)備嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞，造成電網(wǎng)停電事故，從而造成國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)重大損失，因此氧化鋅避雷器（MOA）的保護(hù)對(duì)電力系統(tǒng)安全可靠運(yùn)行至關(guān)重要。 既然氧化鋅避雷器（MOA）主導(dǎo)了當(dāng)今過(guò)電壓保護(hù)的主要地位，因此掌握氧化鋅避雷器（MOA）避雷器特特性非常重要，氧化鋅避雷器具有在正常系統(tǒng)工作電壓下，呈現(xiàn)高電阻狀態(tài)，僅有微安級(jí)電流通過(guò)。在過(guò)電壓大電流作用下它便呈現(xiàn)低電阻，從而限制了避雷器兩端的殘壓超優(yōu)的特性。任何一個(gè)設(shè)備的大規(guī)模的推廣應(yīng)用，保證其安全運(yùn)行和健康狀況就成為新的難題，本文根據(jù)氧化鋅避雷器（MOA）的構(gòu)造成分和結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，介紹了掌控其健康的試驗(yàn)方法的發(fā)展和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分析，從以往的停電試驗(yàn)開(kāi)始分析介紹：如常規(guī)的絕緣電阻試驗(yàn)---泄漏電流試驗(yàn)---運(yùn)行電壓下交流電流試驗(yàn)----放電計(jì)數(shù)器動(dòng)作檢測(cè)，隨著時(shí)代的進(jìn)步和電網(wǎng)發(fā)展的需求，停電試驗(yàn)滿足不了要求，因此必須探尋一種新的試驗(yàn)方法來(lái)適應(yīng)時(shí)代的要求。在線監(jiān)測(cè)和帶電檢測(cè)的試驗(yàn)技術(shù)就應(yīng)用而生。 氧化鋅避雷器（MOA）在試驗(yàn)技術(shù)是伴著電網(wǎng)的發(fā)展需求，隨著傳感器、光纖、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展，判斷氧化鋅避雷器（MOA）正常狀態(tài)的檢修方式的生翻天覆地的變化，開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樵诰�監(jiān)測(cè)和帶電檢測(cè)為重心的狀態(tài)檢修，其重要特征是不使用預(yù)防性試驗(yàn)儀器，而是利用各種高靈敏度的傳感器及測(cè)量手段對(duì)氧化鋅避雷器（MOA）在運(yùn)行狀態(tài)下的物理量、化學(xué)量等進(jìn)行采集和檢測(cè)，根據(jù)時(shí)時(shí)的監(jiān)測(cè)和監(jiān)測(cè)情況結(jié)合停電試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)判斷氧化鋅避雷器（MOA）狀態(tài)來(lái)制定策略，從而保證電網(wǎng)的可靠性和安全性。 根據(jù)氧化鋅避雷器（MOA）沒(méi)有放電間隙，氧化鋅阻片長(zhǎng)期受電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行電壓下工作，會(huì)有泄漏電流流經(jīng)各個(gè)串聯(lián)電阻片，這個(gè)電流的大小取決于氧化鋅避雷器（MOA）熱穩(wěn)定和電阻片的老化程度的研究，經(jīng)過(guò)大量的理論分析一系列的實(shí)踐研究，針對(duì)氧化鋅避雷器（MOA）的阻性泄漏電流參數(shù)反應(yīng)故障特征的特點(diǎn)，研究了以數(shù)據(jù)故障分析為主軟件技術(shù)、運(yùn)行電壓下真實(shí)采樣為基礎(chǔ)傳感技術(shù)、后臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控為輔人工識(shí)別技術(shù)的氧化鋅避雷器的阻性電流分析的在線檢測(cè)技術(shù)和帶電檢測(cè)技術(shù)。在線檢測(cè)技術(shù)和帶電檢測(cè)技術(shù)帶來(lái)了氧化鋅避雷器試驗(yàn)的革命，如果能理論結(jié)合實(shí)際大力發(fā)展這種技術(shù)就能夠準(zhǔn)確的判斷氧化鋅避雷器（MOA）的健康狀況和周期壽命管理。 帶電檢測(cè)、在線監(jiān)測(cè)在發(fā)現(xiàn)設(shè)備異常時(shí)必須結(jié)合停電檢測(cè)相關(guān)的綜合檢測(cè)手段確認(rèn),對(duì)于準(zhǔn)確判斷氧化鋅避雷器泄露電流中阻性電流等主要參數(shù)超標(biāo)的原因的受潮、閥片老化故障，具有十分有效的檢測(cè)和判斷結(jié)果，并根據(jù)在線監(jiān)測(cè)和帶電檢測(cè)的結(jié)果分析，制定出針對(duì)性的檢修策略，使氧化鋅避雷器（MOA）的使用壽命得到全方面的監(jiān)控和維護(hù)，并得對(duì)以后氧化鋅避雷器制造、選型有指導(dǎo)性作用，這樣一來(lái)就能減少電力設(shè)備中氧化鋅避雷器（MOA）的突然損壞事故，減少電網(wǎng)停電事故，從而減少國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的重大損失，，提高從而保證電網(wǎng)的可靠性和安全性。
[Abstract]:The excellent non-linear U-I characteristic of the zinc oxide arrester (MOA) plays a key role in the protection of the over-voltage of the power network. under the normal operation of the power system, due to various factors, the overvoltage acts on the electrical equipment, such as the atmosphere, the power frequency overvoltage, the operation overvoltage, the resonance overvoltage, and the like, and when the over-voltages are applied to the power equipment, the equipment can be seriously damaged, The protection of the zinc oxide arrester (MOA) is of great importance to the safe and reliable operation of the power system. Since the zinc oxide lightning arrester (MOA) dominates the main position of the over-voltage protection, it is very important to master the characteristics of the zinc oxide arrester (MOA) arrester. The zinc oxide arrester has a high resistance state under the working voltage of the normal system, and only the micro-ampere level is in electrical circulation. Over-voltage, it presents a low resistance under the effect of an over-voltage large current, thus limiting the super-high voltage at both ends of the lightning arrester This paper introduces the development and standard of the test method to control the health of the zinc oxide arrester (MOA) based on the structural component and structural characteristics of the zinc oxide lightning arrester (MOA). Analysis and introduction from the previous power failure test: such as the conventional insulation resistance test, the leakage current test, the AC current test under the running voltage--the action of the discharge counter, and with the progress of the times and the demand of the power grid development, the power failure test can not meet the requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to find a new method to adapt to the needs of the times Application of test technology for on-line monitoring and live detection With the rapid development of the sensor, optical fiber and computer technology, it is judged that the maintenance mode of the normal state of the zinc oxide arrester (MOA) is turned over and over. The change of the state of the gravity center of the on-line monitoring and the live detection is started, and the important characteristic of the invention is that the preventive test instrument is not used, but the zinc oxide arrester (MOA) is operated under the running state by using various high-sensitivity sensors and measuring means. acquiring and detecting the physical quantity and the chemical quantity and the like, and judging the state of the zinc oxide arrester (MOA) according to the monitoring and monitoring situation at the time of time to judge the state of the zinc oxide lightning arrester (MOA) so as to ensure the reliability of the power grid and The safety is based on the absence of a discharge gap between the zinc oxide arrester (MOA) and the long-term operation of the zinc oxide barrier under the operating voltage of the grid, with leakage current flowing through each series resistor, the magnitude of which depends on the thermal stability of the zinc oxide arrester (MOA) and the aging of the resistance sheet Based on a large number of theoretical analysis and a series of practical studies, the characteristics of the fault features of the resistive leakage current parameters of the zinc oxide lightning arrester (MOA) are studied, the data fault analysis is the main software technology, and the real sampling at the operating voltage is the base. On-line detection technology and band for resistive current analysis of zinc oxide lightning arrester with sensor technology and background computer system monitoring as auxiliary manual identification technology The technology of on-line detection and the technology of live detection bring the revolution of the test of the zinc oxide arrester. If it can be developed by theory, it is possible to judge the health status and the week of the zinc oxide arrester (MOA). Period life management. Live detection, on-line monitoring shall be confirmed by the comprehensive detection means related to power failure detection when the equipment is found to be abnormal. For the reason of accurately judging the main parameters such as the resistive current in the leakage current of the zinc oxide arrester, it shall be affected with moisture And the service life of the zinc oxide arrester (MOA) is monitored and maintained fully, and the later oxygen is obtained. The manufacture and type selection of the zinc oxide lightning arrester are of a guiding effect, so that the sudden damage accident of the zinc oxide arrester (MOA) in the power equipment can be reduced, the power failure accident of the power grid is reduced, the heavy loss of the national economy is reduced, and the power grid is ensured
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM862

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