【摘要】：當(dāng)前社會,環(huán)境污染和能源短缺兩大問題越來越受到關(guān)注。太陽能、風(fēng)能、水能等技術(shù)的發(fā)展成為世界各國關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。作為一種潔凈的、可持續(xù)利用的再生能源,風(fēng)能的開發(fā)潛能巨大,有利于緩解當(dāng)前的能源短缺局勢。 直驅(qū)式永磁同步風(fēng)電系統(tǒng),省去齒輪箱,風(fēng)力機(jī)與發(fā)電機(jī)直接相連接,使機(jī)組的性能大大改善,系統(tǒng)效率也提到了提高。發(fā)電機(jī)與電網(wǎng)通過變流器隔離,有利于提高機(jī)組的低電壓穿越性能。本文以直驅(qū)式永磁同步風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組模擬系統(tǒng)為研究對象,從仿真到實(shí)驗(yàn)、從理論到實(shí)踐進(jìn)行了較為全面的深入研究。 論文首先對風(fēng)力機(jī)的空氣動力學(xué)原理進(jìn)行了介紹,描述了風(fēng)力機(jī)通過風(fēng)的作用拖動發(fā)電機(jī)的過程,詳細(xì)介紹了本文所采用的最大風(fēng)能跟蹤原理,并以此為基礎(chǔ)建立了風(fēng)力機(jī)的仿真模型。 其次,基于直驅(qū)型永磁同步風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的工作理論,設(shè)計(jì)了背靠背雙PWM變流器的控制策略,并設(shè)計(jì)了一種三相電壓軟件鎖相環(huán),通過Matlab/Simulink仿真驗(yàn)證了風(fēng)能最大功率追蹤控制和雙PWM變流器控制策略的正確性和有效性。 再次,針對電網(wǎng)三相電壓對稱跌落的工況,分析了直驅(qū)型永磁風(fēng)電系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用比較廣泛的幾種低電壓穿越保護(hù)方案,對比分析后采用了直流側(cè)帶有卸荷電路的低電壓穿越保護(hù)方案,分析了卸荷電阻參數(shù)的選取原則及卸荷電阻的投切策略,并在Matlab/Simulink里搭建了仿真模型,仿真結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了該方案的簡單有效性。 最后本文設(shè)計(jì)了功能完整、上位機(jī)界面友好的7.5kW永磁直驅(qū)風(fēng)力發(fā)電模擬系統(tǒng)平臺。為了解決在實(shí)驗(yàn)室環(huán)境中如何模擬風(fēng)電現(xiàn)場的原動機(jī)問題,本文使用異步電動機(jī)配合具有直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制算法的變頻器來模擬風(fēng)力機(jī)的方法；詳盡地介紹了永磁發(fā)電機(jī)機(jī)側(cè)變流器的轉(zhuǎn)子磁鏈定向控制和網(wǎng)側(cè)變流器的電網(wǎng)電壓定向控制系統(tǒng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。采取了在直流母線側(cè)增加卸荷電路以在網(wǎng)側(cè)電壓跌落故障時(shí)消耗掉直流側(cè)堆積的能量,來提高直驅(qū)型風(fēng)電模擬系統(tǒng)的故障穿越性能。設(shè)計(jì)了基于LabView的上位機(jī)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng),易于模擬系統(tǒng)各部分的操作控制與運(yùn)行結(jié)果展示。進(jìn)行了較為充分的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,給出了可信的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,實(shí)現(xiàn)了永磁直驅(qū)風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組模擬系統(tǒng)從理論到實(shí)踐的研究。
[Abstract]:At present, environmental pollution and energy shortage are getting more and more attention. The development of solar energy, wind energy, water energy and other technologies has become the focus of attention all over the world. As a clean and sustainable renewable energy, wind energy has great potential to develop, which is helpful to alleviate the current situation of energy shortage. The direct drive permanent magnet synchronous wind power system saves the gearbox, and the wind turbine is connected with the generator directly. The performance of the unit is greatly improved, and the efficiency of the system is also raised. The generator is isolated from the power grid by converter, which is beneficial to improve the low voltage traversal performance of the unit. In this paper, direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous wind turbine simulation system as the object of study, from the simulation to the experiment, from the theory to the practice of a more comprehensive and in-depth research. Firstly, the aerodynamics principle of wind turbine is introduced, the process of wind turbine driving generator through wind is described, and the maximum wind energy tracking principle used in this paper is introduced in detail. Based on this, the simulation model of wind turbine is established. Secondly, based on the working theory of direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous wind power generation system, the control strategy of back-to-back dual PWM converter is designed, and a three-phase voltage software phase-locked loop is designed. The correctness and effectiveness of wind energy maximum power tracking control and double PWM converter control strategy are verified by Matlab/Simulink simulation. Thirdly, several low-voltage traversing protection schemes which are widely used in direct-drive permanent magnet wind power system are analyzed in view of the symmetrical sag of three-phase voltage in power grid. After the comparative analysis, the low voltage traverse protection scheme with DC side unloading circuit is adopted. The selection principle of unloading resistance parameter and the switching strategy of unloading resistance are analyzed, and the simulation model is built in Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results show that the scheme is simple and effective. Finally, a simulation system platform of 7.5kW permanent magnet direct drive wind power generation is designed, which has complete function and friendly interface of host computer. In order to solve the problem of how to simulate wind turbine in laboratory environment, this paper uses asynchronous motor with frequency converter with direct torque control algorithm to simulate wind turbine. In this paper, the rotor flux-oriented control of permanent magnet generator side converter and the realization of grid-side converter power network voltage orientation control system are introduced in detail. In order to improve the fault traversal performance of the direct-drive wind power simulation system, a load-unloading circuit is added to the DC bus side to consume the accumulated energy of the DC side when the voltage sags down on the grid side. The monitoring system of upper computer based on LabView is designed, which is easy to simulate the operation control and running results of each part of the system. The simulation system of permanent magnet direct-drive wind turbine is studied from theory to practice by means of sufficient experimental research and credible experimental results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM315

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