【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展和人口的不斷增加,能源與環(huán)境問題日益嚴(yán)重。為了社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,人類正在致力于新能源的開發(fā)和利用。作為發(fā)展最快、開發(fā)最具規(guī)模的可再生能源,風(fēng)能扮演著尤為重要的角色。在眾多風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中,直驅(qū)式永磁同步風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)由于其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、效率高、可靠性高等特點(diǎn),正受到越來越多的關(guān)注,對直驅(qū)式永磁同步風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)控制的研究也成為了熱點(diǎn)。 論文首先分析了風(fēng)力機(jī)的運(yùn)行特性,在額定風(fēng)速以下運(yùn)行在發(fā)電機(jī)控制模式,采用最大功率跟蹤算法實(shí)現(xiàn)風(fēng)力機(jī)的最大風(fēng)能捕獲,在額定風(fēng)速以上采用變槳距控制模式,限制風(fēng)力機(jī)捕獲的風(fēng)能；然后,建立了永磁同步電機(jī)和雙PWM變流器的數(shù)學(xué)模型,機(jī)側(cè)變流器采用id=0的電流矢量定向控制策略,網(wǎng)側(cè)變流器采用電壓矢量定向控制策略。最后,在MATLAB中建立了直驅(qū)式永磁同步風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的仿真模型,為之后的變槳距控制和低電壓穿越控制研究打下基礎(chǔ)。 在構(gòu)建了直驅(qū)式永磁同步風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的模型之后,重點(diǎn)對直驅(qū)式永磁同步風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的變槳距控制進(jìn)行了研究,將適合于非線性系統(tǒng)控制的模糊神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)算法引入到風(fēng)力機(jī)變槳距控制中,設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于功率變化的模糊神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)變槳距控制器。仿真結(jié)果表明：該模糊神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)變槳距控制器能夠記憶專家的控制經(jīng)驗(yàn),可以更好的適應(yīng)風(fēng)電系統(tǒng)隨機(jī)性強(qiáng)、不確定因素多的特點(diǎn),具有較強(qiáng)魯棒性和抗干擾能力,其控制效果優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)的PD變槳距控制器。 在低電壓穿越控制方面,首先分析了直驅(qū)式永磁同步風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)在電網(wǎng)發(fā)生低電壓故障時(shí)功率傳輸?shù)臅簯B(tài)過程；然后研究了基于耗能和儲(chǔ)能的兩種Crowbar低電壓保護(hù)方案,并對其進(jìn)行了MATLAB仿真,比較了兩種保護(hù)方案的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)；研究了電網(wǎng)低電壓故障時(shí)的無功補(bǔ)償策略及兩種低電壓穿越輔助控制策略。最后,結(jié)合現(xiàn)有的低電壓穿越控制策略提出了一種低電壓穿越綜合控制邏輯,并對其低電壓穿越效果進(jìn)行了MATLAB仿真驗(yàn)證,仿真結(jié)果表明了其可行性。
[Abstract]:With the development of society and the increase of population, energy and environment problems are becoming more and more serious. For the sustainable development of society, mankind is committed to the development and utilization of new energy. Wind energy plays a particularly important role as the fastest developing and the most large-scale renewable energy. In many wind power generation systems, the direct drive permanent magnet synchronous wind power system has attracted more and more attention due to its simple structure, high efficiency and high reliability. The control of direct drive permanent magnet synchronous wind power generation system has also become a hot spot. Firstly, the paper analyzes the operating characteristics of wind turbine, runs under rated wind speed in generator control mode, adopts maximum power tracking algorithm to realize maximum wind energy capture of wind turbine, and adopts variable pitch control mode above rated wind speed. Limiting wind energy captured by wind turbines; Then, the mathematical models of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and dual PWM converter are established. The current vector oriented control strategy of id=0 is adopted in the machine side converter and the voltage vector directional control strategy is used in the grid side converter. Finally, the simulation model of direct drive permanent magnet synchronous wind power generation system is established in MATLAB, which lays a foundation for further research on pitch control and low voltage traversal control. After the model of direct drive permanent magnet synchronous wind power generation system is constructed, the pitch control of direct drive permanent magnet synchronous wind power generation system is studied. The fuzzy neural network algorithm suitable for nonlinear system control is introduced into variable pitch control of wind turbine. A fuzzy neural network pitch controller based on power variation is designed. The simulation results show that the fuzzy neural network variable pitch controller can memorize the control experience of experts, and can better adapt to the characteristics of strong randomness, many uncertain factors and strong robustness and anti-jamming ability of wind power system. The control effect is better than the traditional PD pitch controller. In the aspect of low voltage traversal control, the transient process of power transmission in direct drive permanent magnet synchronous wind power generation system is analyzed when the low voltage fault occurs in the power grid. Secondly, two Crowbar low voltage protection schemes based on energy consumption and energy storage are studied and simulated by MATLAB, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two protection schemes are compared. The reactive power compensation strategy and two auxiliary control strategies for low voltage traversing in power network are studied in this paper. Finally, combined with the existing low-voltage traversal control strategy, a low-voltage traversing comprehensive control logic is proposed, and its low-voltage traversal effect is verified by MATLAB simulation. The simulation results show that the low-voltage traversal control logic is feasible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM614

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