發(fā)布時間：2019-03-25 11:50

【摘要】：光伏發(fā)電作為最有前景的新能源發(fā)電方式,近年來一直得到大力的支持和推廣。光伏發(fā)電一般通過并網(wǎng)向用戶提供電能。但是,隨著這種分布式電源接入電網(wǎng)的數(shù)量越來越多,將會對傳統(tǒng)的輻射狀配電網(wǎng)產(chǎn)生本質(zhì)性的變化,給電力系統(tǒng)的安全運行帶來了很大的威脅。微電網(wǎng)技術(shù)是由分布式電源和負荷組成的小型智能電力系統(tǒng),它不僅具備分布式發(fā)電的優(yōu)點,而且它對現(xiàn)有配電網(wǎng)的結(jié)構(gòu)不會造成影響,可以更好地發(fā)揮新能源發(fā)電的優(yōu)點。本文以光伏逆變電源為研究對象,對其在微電網(wǎng)環(huán)境中的控制策略及應(yīng)用展開了研究。 本文首先對光伏發(fā)電和微電網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展情況做了簡要介紹,更進一步歸納了現(xiàn)有微電網(wǎng)的控制結(jié)構(gòu)和并網(wǎng)策略,并對現(xiàn)有微電網(wǎng)的不足進行了分析,通過對比分析光伏微網(wǎng)逆變電源與電網(wǎng)中的同步發(fā)電機性能上的不同,得出了光伏逆變電源過流能力差,容量小,慣性小等缺點。因此本文借鑒同步發(fā)電機工作原理,提出虛擬同步發(fā)電機概念,通過模擬同步發(fā)電機的數(shù)學(xué)模型和電氣方程來構(gòu)建光伏微網(wǎng)逆變電源的模型,從而使光伏微網(wǎng)逆變電源具有與同步發(fā)電機相似的外特性；根據(jù)微網(wǎng)在并網(wǎng)運行和孤島運行時對光伏微網(wǎng)逆變電源的技術(shù)要求,本文依據(jù)虛擬同步發(fā)電機的控制原理,設(shè)計了光伏微網(wǎng)逆變電源的功頻控制器和勵磁控制器,使其可以實現(xiàn)頻率、電壓、功率的穩(wěn)定。為了改善微網(wǎng)在負載變動時引起的頻率不穩(wěn)定,本文提出了一種在可使頻率快速穩(wěn)定的可變虛擬慣量策略,該策略通過實時改變虛擬轉(zhuǎn)動慣量值來快速使頻率的振蕩得到衰減。在MATLAB/SIMULINK環(huán)境中搭建光伏微網(wǎng)逆變電源的仿真模型來驗證所提出策略的有效性。最后對一臺10kW光伏微網(wǎng)逆變器進行了硬件選型和軟件設(shè)計。仿真和實驗結(jié)果表明,基于虛擬同步發(fā)電機策略的光伏微網(wǎng)逆變電源,可以滿足微電網(wǎng)并網(wǎng)運行和孤島運行時對光伏微網(wǎng)逆變電源的技術(shù)要求。
[Abstract]:Photovoltaic power generation, as the most promising new energy generation mode, has been strongly supported and promoted in recent years. Photovoltaic power generation is generally connected to the grid to provide electricity to users. However, with the increasing number of such distributed power sources connected to the grid, it will bring about essential changes to the traditional radial distribution network, which will bring a great threat to the safe operation of the power system. Microgrid technology is a small intelligent power system composed of distributed power supply and load. It not only has the advantages of distributed generation, but also has no influence on the structure of the existing distribution network, so it can give full play to the advantages of new energy generation. The control strategy and application of photovoltaic inverter in microgrid environment are studied in this paper. In this paper, the development of photovoltaic power generation and microgrid technology is briefly introduced, and the control structure and grid-connected strategy of the existing microgrid are further summarized, and the shortcomings of the existing microgrid are analyzed. By comparing and analyzing the performance difference between photovoltaic micro-grid inverter power supply and synchronous generator in power grid, it is concluded that photovoltaic inverter power supply has the disadvantages of poor over-current capability, small capacity and low inertia. Based on the working principle of synchronous generator, the concept of virtual synchronous generator is put forward in this paper. The model of photovoltaic micro-grid inverter is constructed by simulating the mathematical model and electrical equation of synchronous generator. Thus, the photovoltaic micro-grid inverter has the same external characteristics as the synchronous generator. According to the technical requirements of photovoltaic micro-grid inverter power supply in grid-connected operation and isolated island operation, according to the control principle of virtual synchronous generator, the power frequency controller and excitation controller of photovoltaic micro-grid inverter power supply are designed, and the power-frequency controller and excitation controller of PV micro-grid inverter are designed in this paper. So that it can achieve frequency, voltage, power stability. In order to improve the frequency instability caused by load variation, a variable virtual inertia strategy is proposed in this paper, which can make the frequency fast and stable. This strategy can quickly attenuate the frequency oscillation by changing the virtual moment of inertia value in real time. The simulation model of photovoltaic micro-grid inverter in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Finally, the hardware selection and software design of a 10kW photovoltaic micro-grid inverter are carried out. The simulation and experimental results show that the photovoltaic micro-grid inverter power supply based on virtual synchronous generator strategy can meet the technical requirements of grid-connected and island-connected photovoltaic micro-grid inverter power supply.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM615

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本文編號：2446946