【摘要】：本論文受國家自然科學基金（51277184）和輸配電裝備及系統(tǒng)安全與新技術(shù)國家重點實驗室自主研究項目（2007DA10512709209）資助。 隨著人們社會環(huán)保意識的增強，電動汽車(Electric vehicle, EV)作為最具發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ沫h(huán)保節(jié)能新能源汽車，已成為汽車發(fā)展的主要方向。我國政府大力支持電動汽車的發(fā)展及其配套設(shè)施的建設(shè)，并積極開展電動汽車推廣的示范工程。然而電動汽車的規(guī)模化充電將給配電網(wǎng)帶來顯著的影響，包括電能質(zhì)量的下降、網(wǎng)絡(luò)損耗的增加、設(shè)備利用率的降低等。因此，在電動汽車大規(guī)模接入電網(wǎng)前，需充分考慮其充電功率對配網(wǎng)的影響。本文針對電動汽車的充電負荷進行概率模擬，同時基于此對充電負荷諧波電流造成的配電變壓器影響進行研究，主要內(nèi)容如下： 1）根據(jù)電動汽車的不同類型，提出含混合動力電動汽車（Plug-in hybrid electricvehicle, PHEV）的多種類型電動汽車充電負荷概率模擬方法。由于電動汽車的能源供給方式、使用方式和充電方式對充電負荷隨機性的作用差異性，本文建立了電動汽車的層次分類結(jié)構(gòu)；繼而結(jié)合不同類型電動汽車的充電功率和荷電狀態(tài)（State of charge, SOC）特性，考慮PHEV具有的兩種運行模式，對其初始SOC的抽樣方法進行改進；計及充電時間長度對用戶決定是否開始充電的影響，提出多種類型電動汽車充電負荷的概率模擬方法。 2）針對采用常規(guī)充電方式和快速充電方式的電動汽車接入配網(wǎng)比例的不同情況，，建立了不同充電方式的電動汽車比例配置方法。利用電動汽車的層次分類結(jié)構(gòu)，提出了峰值負荷增量、峰值負荷持續(xù)時間、最大負荷平滑系數(shù)及平均負荷平滑系數(shù)四個指標，將四個指標合成為綜合指標來評估充電負荷對配網(wǎng)負荷曲線的影響，結(jié)合IEEE-34節(jié)點算例及某地實測負荷數(shù)據(jù)，建立了常規(guī)和快速充電方式的電動汽車比例配置方法； 3）基于多種類型的電動汽車充電負荷概率模擬，提出了考慮電動汽車充電影響的配電變壓器壽命損耗概率評估方法。在充電負荷與本地負荷同時接入配網(wǎng)變壓器的情況下，考慮電動汽車充電產(chǎn)生的諧波電流，結(jié)合充電機等效電路，采用其諧波電壓和諧波電流的解析計算方法，利用電動汽車充電負荷的概率模擬，對充電負荷對配變運行參數(shù)的影響進行概率評估，同時結(jié)合算例對充電負荷造成的配變壽命損失影響進行分析。
[Abstract]:This thesis is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (51277184) and Independent Research Program of State key Laboratory for Safety and New Technology of Transmission and Distribution equipment and Systems (2007DA10512709209). With the enhancement of people's awareness of environmental protection, electric vehicle (Electric vehicle, EV), as the most potential new energy-saving vehicle for environmental protection, has become the main direction of automobile development. Our government strongly supports the development of electric vehicles and the construction of supporting facilities, and actively develops the demonstration project of the promotion of electric vehicles. However, the large-scale charging of electric vehicles will have a significant impact on the distribution network, including the decrease of power quality, the increase of network loss, the decrease of equipment utilization and so on. Therefore, the influence of charging power on the distribution network should be fully considered before the electric vehicle is connected to the power grid on a large scale. In this paper, the probability simulation of charging load of electric vehicle is carried out, and the influence of harmonic current on distribution transformer caused by harmonic current of charging load is studied. The main contents are as follows: 1) according to different types of electric vehicle, A probability simulation method for charging load of various types of electric vehicles with hybrid electric vehicle (Plug-in hybrid electricvehicle, PHEV) is presented. Because of the difference of energy supply mode, usage mode and charging mode on the randomness of charging load, the hierarchical classification structure of electric vehicle is established in this paper. Then, considering the charging power and (State of charge, SOC) characteristics of different types of electric vehicles, considering the two modes of operation of PHEV, the sampling method of initial SOC is improved. Considering the effect of the charging time length on the user's decision whether to start charging, a probability simulation method for charging load of various types of electric vehicles is proposed. 2) in view of the different proportion of electric vehicles connected to the distribution network with conventional charging mode and fast charging mode, the proportion allocation methods of electric vehicles with different charging modes are established. Based on the hierarchical classification structure of electric vehicles, four indexes of peak load increment, peak load duration, maximum load smoothing coefficient and average load smoothing coefficient are proposed. The four indexes are combined into comprehensive indexes to evaluate the influence of charging load on the load curve of distribution network. Combined with the IEEE-34 node example and the measured load data in a certain place, the proportion allocation method of electric vehicles with conventional and fast charging mode is established. 3) based on the probability simulation of electric vehicle charging load, a probabilistic evaluation method of distribution transformer life loss considering the influence of electric vehicle charging is proposed. Under the condition that the charging load and the local load are connected to the distribution transformer at the same time, the harmonic current generated by the charging of the electric vehicle is considered, and the analytical calculation method of the harmonic voltage and harmonic current is adopted in combination with the equivalent circuit of the charger. Based on the probabilistic simulation of the charging load of electric vehicles, the influence of charging load on the operating parameters of the distribution transformer is evaluated in probability, and the influence of the life loss of the distribution transformer caused by the charging load is analyzed in combination with an example.
【學位授予單位】：重慶大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U469.72;TM421

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