【摘要】：介電譜絕緣診斷中老化弛豫特征參數(shù)的提取是理論研究的基礎(chǔ)問題，通過時(shí)域極化去極化電流（PDC）檢測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)值計(jì)算介電響應(yīng)頻域特性和恢復(fù)電壓，以及線性高壓放大器的級(jí)聯(lián)方法是介電譜診斷技術(shù)中的關(guān)鍵測(cè)試問題。 論文首先分析階躍激勵(lì)下介質(zhì)的全電流響應(yīng)，給出基于多指數(shù)函數(shù)擬合的PDC參數(shù)表征方法，該方法可用來求解德拜模型中的各支路電阻與支路電容。仿真研究油紙絕緣結(jié)構(gòu)中不同松弛時(shí)間支路、電導(dǎo)率參數(shù)對(duì)復(fù)介電常數(shù)與損耗因數(shù)時(shí)域、頻域特性的影響，并與文獻(xiàn)中的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比，取得一致的規(guī)律，為研究介電譜絕緣診斷提供理論分析方法。 文中設(shè)計(jì)用于PDC分析的微電流檢測(cè)電路，為解決高阻值電阻誤差過大問題，文中采用T型電阻網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)現(xiàn)50倍的高阻值電阻，通過油紙絕緣PDC特性測(cè)試驗(yàn)證所設(shè)計(jì)微電流檢測(cè)電路的合理性和有效性。 針對(duì)高阻抗介質(zhì)材料的恢復(fù)電壓無法測(cè)試問題，本文根據(jù)電介質(zhì)的極化去極化電流測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)，通過理論計(jì)算得到其恢復(fù)電壓特性，提出根據(jù)極化去極化電流計(jì)算恢復(fù)電壓的數(shù)值變換算法，推導(dǎo)出恢復(fù)電壓遞推公式，仿真與實(shí)驗(yàn)證明該公式的有效性。 論文結(jié)合PDC參數(shù)擬合所得的德拜等值電路模型各元件參數(shù)，給出復(fù)介電常數(shù)與損耗因數(shù)的頻域計(jì)算公式。由于存在傳統(tǒng)時(shí)頻域變換哈蒙近似公式的局限性和頻域法在低頻段測(cè)量介電參數(shù)需要時(shí)間較長的問題，論文給出基于時(shí)域PDC分析的連續(xù)傅里葉變換與快速傅里葉變換的時(shí)頻域變換方法，，仿真得到油紙絕緣FDS特性，數(shù)值變換與試驗(yàn)測(cè)試結(jié)果取得一致。 論文針對(duì)基于PDC分析的時(shí)頻混合絕緣診斷方法進(jìn)行大量的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證根據(jù)絕緣紙板的極化去極化電流通過傅里葉變換獲得其頻域復(fù)電容和損耗因數(shù)特性的正確性，設(shè)計(jì)并搭建變壓器絕緣油測(cè)試系統(tǒng)平臺(tái)，模擬現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際情況對(duì)變壓器油進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)室加速電熱聯(lián)合老化實(shí)驗(yàn)，分析油中不同含水量、經(jīng)過不同方法處理的油樣和老化因素對(duì)FDS曲線的影響，測(cè)得的FDS曲線與理論分析取得一致。針對(duì)交聯(lián)聚乙烯介電譜絕緣診斷，開展老化時(shí)間與老化溫度影響的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，實(shí)驗(yàn)得到在熱、氧和銅催化加速熱老化作用下，對(duì)于不同老化程度的交聯(lián)聚乙烯試樣，在相同老化時(shí)間、不同溫度下?lián)p耗因數(shù)最小值基本恒定，該最小值隨老化程度增加而增大，可以用損耗因數(shù)頻域最小值作為交聯(lián)聚乙烯絕緣老化程度的評(píng)估判據(jù)。 高壓線性放大器是介電譜絕緣診斷測(cè)試技術(shù)關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，由于傳統(tǒng)高壓電源技術(shù)無法實(shí)現(xiàn)介電譜絕緣診斷的寬頻范圍，現(xiàn)有的線性高壓放大器輸出電壓范圍有限，因此本文提出一種高壓線性放大電路的串級(jí)級(jí)聯(lián)式結(jié)構(gòu)，文中利用雙運(yùn)放差分輸出解決高壓電源供電問題，給出單元電路與級(jí)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)，單元電路可以實(shí)現(xiàn)40倍線性放大范圍，n級(jí)級(jí)聯(lián)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)40n倍線性高壓放大，應(yīng)用頻率范圍在10-3~104Hz，單級(jí)電壓轉(zhuǎn)換率達(dá)40V/μs，論文實(shí)際測(cè)試所研制的2級(jí)串級(jí)式高壓線性放大器幅頻、相頻等性能，結(jié)果驗(yàn)證這一電路設(shè)計(jì)的合理性和有效性。 由于傳統(tǒng)介電譜絕緣診斷基于介電參數(shù)時(shí)域、頻域測(cè)試曲線變化規(guī)律的比較，很難確定準(zhǔn)確的絕緣評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)問題，本文在系統(tǒng)研究介電譜絕緣時(shí)頻混合診斷技術(shù)理論與實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上，提出介質(zhì)松弛時(shí)間分布特征參數(shù)提取的多變量非線性最小二乘擬合方法。根據(jù)測(cè)量的介質(zhì)PDC全電流數(shù)據(jù)，通過多指數(shù)擬合分析得出德拜模型各支路參數(shù)，依據(jù)頻域分析中的復(fù)介電常數(shù)與損耗因數(shù)計(jì)算公式得到介電參數(shù)頻域特性，進(jìn)一步給出以Cole-Cole修正模型為基礎(chǔ)的復(fù)介電常數(shù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式，提出多變量函數(shù)非線性最小二乘擬合方法，用于介質(zhì)松弛時(shí)間分布特征參數(shù)的提取。文中通過變壓器油熱老化FDS實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證該方法的有效性，提取加速老化50h~200h不同老化時(shí)段的變壓器油松弛時(shí)間分布特征參數(shù)，結(jié)果表明隨著老化時(shí)間增加，特征參數(shù)值顯著變化，可以用于絕緣老化狀態(tài)評(píng)估。 論文提出介質(zhì)松弛時(shí)間分布特征參數(shù)提取的多變量非線性最小二乘擬合方法，可以為電介質(zhì)絕緣老化定量判據(jù)的確定奠定理論基礎(chǔ)。用快速傅里葉變換方法將時(shí)域測(cè)量的極化去極化電流值變到頻域，從而得到頻域譜低頻段值，代替直接用頻域法進(jìn)行測(cè)量，此方法很大程度上減少測(cè)量時(shí)間。提出的PDC電流測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)直接計(jì)算出RVM測(cè)試波形的數(shù)值算法，可以解決高阻抗絕緣恢復(fù)電壓測(cè)試難題，拓寬傳統(tǒng)PDC測(cè)試的應(yīng)用范圍。此外，論文提出交聯(lián)聚乙烯絕緣損耗因數(shù)頻域最小值的絕緣老化判據(jù)，提出高壓線性放大電路的串級(jí)級(jí)聯(lián)式結(jié)構(gòu)，使得本文研究對(duì)介電譜絕緣診斷相關(guān)理論與實(shí)驗(yàn)研究具有一定理論與應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:the extraction of the aging relaxation characteristic parameters in the dielectric spectrum insulation diagnosis is the basic problem of the theoretical study, and the dielectric response frequency domain characteristic and the recovery voltage are calculated by the time domain polarization depolarized current (pdc) detection data value, And the cascade method of the linear high-voltage amplifier is a key test problem in the dielectric spectrum diagnosis technology. In this paper, the full-current response of the medium under the step excitation is first analyzed, and the method for characterization of the PDC parameter based on the multi-exponential function fitting is presented. The method can be used to solve the branch resistance and the branch electrical resistance of each branch in the Debye model. In this paper, the effects of different relaxation time branches and conductivity parameters on the time domain and frequency domain of the dielectric constant and the loss factor of the oil paper insulation structure are simulated, and the results of the experiments are compared with the experimental results in the literature to obtain a uniform rule, and the theoretical analysis is provided for the study of the insulation diagnosis of the dielectric spectrum. In this paper, a micro-current detection circuit for PDC analysis is designed. In order to solve the problem of high resistance error of high resistance, a resistance of 50 times is realized by using a T-type resistor network, and the rationality of the design of the micro-current detection circuit is verified by the performance test of the oil-paper-insulated PDC. The recovery voltage of the high-impedance dielectric material cannot be tested. According to the measurement data of the polarization depolarized current of the dielectric, the recovery voltage characteristic of the dielectric is calculated by the theory, and the number of the recovery voltage is calculated according to the polarization depolarized current. In this paper, the recursive formula of the recovery voltage is derived, and the simulation and the experiment prove the same. The validity of the formula is presented in this paper. The parameters of each element of the Debye equivalent circuit model obtained by fitting the PDC parameter are given, and the complex dielectric constant and the loss factor are given. Due to the limitation of the traditional time-domain transformation Hammond approximation formula and the problem that the frequency-domain method needs a long time to measure the dielectric parameters in the low-frequency section, the paper gives the continuous Fourier transform and the fast Fourier transform based on the time-domain PDC analysis. in that time-domain transformation method, the characteristic of the oil-paper insulation FDS, the numerical transformation and the test measure are obtained by the simulation, In this paper, a large number of experimental researches are carried out for the time-frequency hybrid insulation diagnosis method based on PDC analysis, and the frequency domain complex capacitance and loss of the insulation board are obtained by Fourier transform according to the polarization depolarization current of the insulating paper board. The correctness of the consumption factor characteristics, the design and construction of the transformer insulating oil test system platform, the simulation of the actual situation on the transformer oil, the laboratory accelerated electric heating combined aging experiment, the analysis of the different water content in the oil, the oil sample and the aging factor treated by different methods FDS curve measured by the effect on the FDS curve An experimental study on the effect of aging time and aging temperature on the insulation diagnosis of cross-linked polyethylene dielectric spectrum is carried out, and the cross-linked polyethylene test with different aging degree is obtained under the action of heat, oxygen and copper to accelerate the thermal aging. For example, at the same aging time, the minimum value of the loss factor at different temperatures is substantially constant, and the minimum value increases with the increase of the aging degree, and the minimum value of the loss factor frequency domain can be used as the cross-linked polyethylene insulation The high-voltage linear amplifier is the key part of the dielectric spectrum insulation diagnosis and test, and because the traditional high-voltage power supply technology can not realize the wide frequency range of the dielectric spectrum insulation diagnosis, the existing linear high voltage The output voltage range of the amplifier is limited, so this paper presents a cascade cascade structure of a high-voltage linear amplification circuit. In this paper, a double-op amp differential output is used to solve the problem of power supply of the high-voltage power supply, and the unit circuit and the cascade structure are given. The unit circuit can The 40-time linear amplification range is realized, the n-stage cascade can realize 40n-times linear high-voltage amplification, the application frequency range is 10-3-104Hz, the single-stage voltage conversion rate is 40 V/. mu.s, and the two-stage series-stage high-voltage linear amplifier amplitude-frequency, phase-frequency and other performances developed by the actual test of the paper are verified, The rationality and effectiveness of the circuit design are reasonable and effective. Because the traditional dielectric spectrum insulation diagnosis is based on the comparison of the dielectric parameter time domain and the frequency domain test curve, it is difficult to determine the accurate insulation evaluation index problem. In this paper, the dielectric spectrum insulation time-frequency mixing is studied in this paper. On the basis of the theory and experiment of the combined diagnosis, it is proposed that the characteristic parameters of the relaxation time distribution of the medium are extracted According to the measured medium PDC full current data, the parameters of each branch of the Debye model are obtained through the multi-index fitting analysis, and the complex dielectric constant and the loss due to the frequency domain analysis are counted In this paper, the frequency-domain characteristics of the dielectric parameters are obtained, and the complex dielectric constant empirical formula based on the Cole-Cole correction model is given. The nonlinear least-square fitting method of the multi-variable function is proposed, which is used in the medium. The characteristic parameters of the relaxation time distribution are extracted. The effectiveness of the method is verified by the experimental data of the oil-heat aging FDS of the transformer. The characteristic parameters of the relaxation time of the transformer oil in different aging periods are extracted and accelerated for 50-200 h. The results show that with the aging, There is an increase in the characteristic parameter value. The method can be used for evaluating the insulation aging state. The method of multi-variable nonlinear least square fitting for extracting the characteristic parameters of the relaxation time distribution of the medium can be used as a dielectric insulation. The method of fast Fourier transform is used to change the polarization depolarized current value of the time-domain measurement to the frequency domain, so as to obtain the low-frequency segment value of the frequency-domain spectrum instead of the direct-use frequency-domain method. The method can reduce the measurement time to a great extent. The proposed PDC current test data directly calculates the numerical algorithm of the RVM test waveform, and can solve the problem of high-impedance insulation recovery voltage test. The application range of the traditional PDC test is widened. In addition, the insulation aging criterion of the minimum value of the frequency-domain minimum of the cross-linked polyethylene insulation loss factor is put forward, and the cascade cascade structure of the high-voltage linear amplification circuit is put forward, so that the theory and the theory of the insulation diagnosis of the dielectric spectrum are studied in this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM855

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

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4 要e

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