發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-12 13:23

【摘要】：本文所采用的風(fēng)機(jī)葉片材料是玻璃纖維增強(qiáng)環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂基復(fù)合材料,以一種額定輸出功率為20KW的風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)為研究基礎(chǔ),對(duì)該葉片進(jìn)行了氣動(dòng)外形設(shè)計(jì)與氣動(dòng)性能分析,并通過(guò)建立有限元模型和壓力耦合對(duì)葉片進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)分析。具體研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:運(yùn)用Wilson方法對(duì)其葉片進(jìn)行了氣動(dòng)外形設(shè)計(jì),得到了葉片展向上不同翼型面處的外形參數(shù)。然后運(yùn)用SOLIDWORKS對(duì)風(fēng)輪進(jìn)行幾何建模。將葉片的幾何模型導(dǎo)入Ansys Workbench中劃分流場(chǎng)網(wǎng)格,然后選用CFX求解器對(duì)額定工況和10個(gè)非設(shè)計(jì)工況下的葉片模型進(jìn)行氣動(dòng)計(jì)算。求解結(jié)束后在CFX-Post中對(duì)額定工況下的模型進(jìn)行了流場(chǎng)分析,通過(guò)觀察計(jì)算結(jié)果,分析了壓力分布、展向上不同翼型面的流線與速度分布以及產(chǎn)生氣動(dòng)升力的機(jī)理。此外,利用計(jì)算結(jié)果對(duì)全部11個(gè)工況下的模型進(jìn)行了氣動(dòng)性能分析,并發(fā)現(xiàn)該風(fēng)機(jī)的最佳葉尖速比應(yīng)該在7附近,而現(xiàn)實(shí)中額定工況下僅達(dá)到了 3.6,相應(yīng)的功率系數(shù)也僅為0.294,與預(yù)期值0.3744仍有較大差距。由此提出了改進(jìn)方案,為該風(fēng)機(jī)后續(xù)的氣動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化提供了設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)。本文對(duì)葉片進(jìn)行載荷分析并參考鋪層設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范,初步擬定鋪層方案;然后使用Ansys ICEM對(duì)葉片進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)網(wǎng)格的劃分,運(yùn)用Ansys建立了葉片的有限元計(jì)算模型。針對(duì)兩種惡劣工況,利用壓力耦合技術(shù)分別將風(fēng)壓加載到模型外表面的節(jié)點(diǎn)處,通過(guò)靜強(qiáng)度分析,改進(jìn)蒙皮、主梁等結(jié)構(gòu)的鋪層設(shè)計(jì)方案,使結(jié)構(gòu)滿足靜強(qiáng)度要求;此外,對(duì)葉片結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了穩(wěn)定性分析,結(jié)果表明兩種工況下結(jié)構(gòu)都滿足穩(wěn)定性要求。最后,對(duì)葉片模型進(jìn)行了模態(tài)分析。結(jié)果顯示葉片一階固有頻率為2.6609,與額定工況的激振頻率3.9比較接近,容易發(fā)生共振。由此提出了后續(xù)的結(jié)構(gòu)合理化設(shè)計(jì)建議,改變?nèi)~片整體或局部的剛度,使固有頻率遠(yuǎn)離風(fēng)輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)頻率或其它組件的固有頻率,避免發(fā)生共振。
[Abstract]:The fan blade material used in this paper is glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material. Based on the research of a wind turbine with rated output power of 20KW, the aerodynamic shape design and aerodynamic performance analysis of the blade are carried out. The structural design of the blade is analyzed by establishing the finite element model and pressure coupling. The detailed research contents are as follows: the aerodynamic shape design of the blade is carried out by using the Wilson method, and the shape parameters of the blades at different airfoil surfaces are obtained. Then SOLIDWORKS is used to model the wind turbine geometry. The geometric model of the blade is imported into the Ansys Workbench to divide the flow field grid, and then the CFX solver is used to calculate the blade model under rated and 10 non-design conditions. After the solution is solved, the flow field of the model under rated condition is analyzed in CFX-Post. The pressure distribution, the streamline and velocity distribution of different airfoil surfaces and the mechanism of aerodynamic lift are analyzed by observing the calculated results. In addition, the aerodynamic performance of the model under all 11 working conditions is analyzed by using the calculated results. It is found that the optimum blade tip velocity ratio of the fan should be around 7, but only 3.6 under the rated condition in reality. The corresponding power coefficient is only 0.294, which is still quite different from the expected value of 0.3744. Therefore, the improvement scheme is put forward, which provides the design basis for the aerodynamic design optimization of the fan. In this paper, the load analysis of the blade is carried out and the lamination scheme is preliminarily drawn up according to the design specification of the laminate, then the structural grid of the blade is divided by using Ansys ICEM, and the finite element calculation model of the blade is established by using Ansys. In order to meet the requirements of static strength, the wind pressure is loaded into the joints on the outer surface of the model by using pressure coupling technology. Through the static strength analysis, the overlay design scheme of the structure such as skin, main beam and so on is improved to meet the static strength requirement. In addition, the stability analysis of the blade structure is carried out, and the results show that the structure meets the stability requirements under both conditions. Finally, the modal analysis of the blade model is carried out. The results show that the first order natural frequency of the blade is 2.6609, which is close to the rated excitation frequency of 3.9 and is prone to resonance. Therefore, the following structural rationalization design proposal is put forward, which changes the whole or local stiffness of the blade so that the natural frequency is far away from the rotating frequency of the wind wheel or the natural frequency of other components, and the resonance is avoided.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TB33;TM315

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