發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-05 18:09

【摘要】：太陽能光伏發(fā)電是新能源應(yīng)用的重要組成部分，具有良好發(fā)展前景，得到廣泛關(guān)注。對(duì)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)施以最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤控制，可以使系統(tǒng)的輸出功率始終保持最大功率輸出，是提高系統(tǒng)整體效率的主要手段。最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤控制通常利用阻抗匹配原理，采用DC/DC電路連接光伏組件和負(fù)載，通過調(diào)節(jié)DC/DC電路中開關(guān)器件的開關(guān)頻率，實(shí)現(xiàn)阻抗匹配，，達(dá)到最大功率傳輸?shù)哪康�。國�?nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)光伏發(fā)電最大功率點(diǎn)控制技術(shù)作了大量的研究，先后設(shè)計(jì)出多種控制方法，取得了豐富成果。 通過分析光伏電池的輸出特性，以及常用最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤控制算法的工作原理及特點(diǎn)。針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)變步長(zhǎng)增量電導(dǎo)法在光照強(qiáng)度發(fā)生劇烈變化時(shí)，因變步長(zhǎng)跟蹤模式切換條件固定，變步長(zhǎng)跟蹤模式的工作范圍發(fā)生改變，不能維持良好的跟蹤性能這一問題，提出了改進(jìn)策略。根據(jù)光伏陣列的輸出功率特性，將輸出功率作為動(dòng)態(tài)矯正量引入定步長(zhǎng)、變步長(zhǎng)跟蹤模式切換條件中，使得變步長(zhǎng)跟蹤模式的工作范圍能夠很好的保持。同時(shí)優(yōu)化了變步長(zhǎng)模式下步長(zhǎng)變化規(guī)則，讓變步長(zhǎng)跟蹤過程更加平穩(wěn)。 利用光伏陣列工程模型，在MATLAB/simulink仿真平臺(tái)下建立了光伏電池的仿真模型。根據(jù)獨(dú)立光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)，以Boost電路作為DC/DC變換電路，進(jìn)一步建立了光伏最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤控制系統(tǒng)仿真模型。仿真模擬光照強(qiáng)度發(fā)生劇烈變化情形，對(duì)傳統(tǒng)變步長(zhǎng)增量電導(dǎo)法和改進(jìn)算法的跟蹤性能進(jìn)行了仿真測(cè)試。 最后，以Microchip公司生產(chǎn)的dsPIC33FJ64GS606數(shù)字信號(hào)控制器作為系統(tǒng)核心控制芯片，根據(jù)控制系統(tǒng)電路結(jié)構(gòu)，完成了系統(tǒng)硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)。利用控制算法的工作原理，使用MPLAB IDE軟件完成了系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)。搭建了光照強(qiáng)度控制電路，在室內(nèi)人為制造光照強(qiáng)度變化環(huán)境，分別對(duì)傳統(tǒng)變步長(zhǎng)增量電導(dǎo)法和改進(jìn)算法的跟蹤性能進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試。 通過仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證改進(jìn)變步長(zhǎng)增量電導(dǎo)法的有效性，仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果均表明，改進(jìn)的控制算法比傳統(tǒng)變步長(zhǎng)算法跟蹤魯棒性更好、適應(yīng)性更強(qiáng)。尤其在光照強(qiáng)度劇烈的情況下，能夠同時(shí)保持良好的動(dòng)態(tài)性能和穩(wěn)態(tài)精度。
[Abstract]:Solar photovoltaic power generation is an important part of new energy applications, has a good development prospects, and has been widely concerned. The maximum power point tracking control of photovoltaic power generation system can keep the maximum power output all the time, which is the main means to improve the overall efficiency of the system. The maximum power point tracking control usually uses the impedance matching principle, uses the DC/DC circuit to connect the photovoltaic module and the load. By adjusting the switching frequency of the switch device in the DC/DC circuit, the impedance matching is realized and the maximum power transmission is achieved. Scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research on the maximum power point control technology of photovoltaic power generation, and have designed a variety of control methods successively, and obtained rich results. The output characteristics of photovoltaic cells and the principle and characteristics of common maximum power point tracking control algorithms are analyzed. Because the switching condition of variable step tracking mode is fixed and the working range of variable step tracking mode is changed, the traditional variable step incremental conductivity method can not maintain good tracking performance when the illumination intensity changes dramatically. The improved strategy is put forward. According to the output power characteristics of photovoltaic array, the output power is introduced into the constant step length as a dynamic correction, and the variable step size tracking mode switching condition makes the working range of variable step tracking mode well maintained. At the same time, the changing rule of step size in variable step mode is optimized to make the tracking process of variable step size more stable. Based on the engineering model of photovoltaic array, the simulation model of photovoltaic cell is established on the MATLAB/simulink simulation platform. According to the structure of stand-alone photovoltaic power generation system, the simulation model of photovoltaic maximum power point tracking control system is established by using Boost circuit as DC/DC converter circuit. The tracking performance of the traditional variable step-length incremental conductivity method and the improved algorithm is simulated and tested by simulating the dramatic change of illumination intensity. Finally, the dsPIC33FJ64GS606 digital signal controller produced by Microchip Company is used as the core control chip of the system. According to the circuit structure of the control system, the hardware circuit design of the system is completed. Based on the working principle of the control algorithm, the system software is designed by using MPLAB IDE software. The light intensity control circuit is built and the tracking performance of the traditional variable step increment conductivity method and the improved algorithm are tested in the indoor artificial environment of light intensity change. The simulation and experiment results show that the improved control algorithm is more robust and adaptive than the traditional variable step algorithm. Especially in the case of intense light intensity, it can maintain good dynamic performance and steady-state precision at the same time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM615

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