【摘要】：能源是現(xiàn)代社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的動力,是人類生命存在和繁衍的生命線。傳統(tǒng)化石能源的逐步耗竭,使能源危機(jī)已逐步逼近。中國21世紀(jì)的能源工業(yè)將是能源資源利用與環(huán)境保護(hù)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的改造型新工業(yè),因此,合理調(diào)整能源結(jié)構(gòu),大力開發(fā)可再生能源和其它新能源,走多元化潔凈能源發(fā)展道路,是我國社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必由之路。在此背景下分布式電源得到大力開發(fā),但是分布式電源存在接入成本高、不易控制等缺點(diǎn),并且,大系統(tǒng)不正常運(yùn)行時,分布式電源必須馬上退出運(yùn)行,極大地限制了分布式電源的利用效率。微電網(wǎng)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,微電網(wǎng)是一種新型的網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu),是一組由微電源、負(fù)荷、儲能系統(tǒng)和控制裝置構(gòu)成的系統(tǒng)單元。微電網(wǎng)中的電源多為分布式電源,即含有電力電子接口的小型機(jī)組,包括微型燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)、燃料電池、光伏電池、風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組以及超級電容、飛輪及蓄電池等儲能裝置,它們接在用戶側(cè),具有成本低、電壓低及污染低等特點(diǎn)。開發(fā)和延伸微電網(wǎng)能夠促進(jìn)分布式電源與可再生能源的大規(guī)模接入,實現(xiàn)對負(fù)荷多種能源形式的高可靠供給,是實現(xiàn)主動式配電網(wǎng)的一種有效的方式,使傳統(tǒng)電網(wǎng)向智能電網(wǎng)過渡。本文在微電網(wǎng)的大背景下,分析了微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型及不同的運(yùn)行與控制策略,然后建立了相應(yīng)的仿真模型進(jìn)行驗證。 首先,對微電網(wǎng)進(jìn)行了建模。分析了如今最為普遍應(yīng)用的雙饋風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī),從其基本原理和結(jié)構(gòu)入手進(jìn)行分析,建立了其風(fēng)力機(jī)數(shù)學(xué)模型、風(fēng)速模型,變槳距控制模型和雙饋發(fā)電機(jī)模型,基于上述數(shù)學(xué)模型,在電力系統(tǒng)仿真軟件PACAD中搭建了雙饋風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的仿真模型；隨后分析了光伏電池、微型燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)和燃料電池的工作原理、發(fā)電特性和數(shù)學(xué)模型,并在PSCAD中搭建了仿真模型；又對常見的儲能設(shè)備—超級電容器,建立了數(shù)學(xué)模型,并進(jìn)行了驗證分析。 然后,基于微電網(wǎng)各個子系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,對微電源進(jìn)行了控制策略的分析,主要分為以下三種控制方式：恒功率(P/Q)控制、電壓頻率(U/f)控制和下垂(Droop)控制控制；隨后給出了幾種微電網(wǎng)的整體控制策略,根據(jù)本文微電源的特點(diǎn),選擇了主從控制作為本文的微電網(wǎng)整體控制策略；基于主從控制策略,建立了微電源的核心控制方式,并改進(jìn)了主控制單元的超級電容控制器,用于提供穩(wěn)定的電壓和頻率的支撐。 最后,根據(jù)已建立的數(shù)學(xué)模型和控制模型,在PSCAD中建立了微電網(wǎng)的整體仿真模型,并對微電網(wǎng)的運(yùn)行與控制進(jìn)行仿真分析,包括：孤島和并網(wǎng)模式切換的仿真、頻率穩(wěn)定性仿真和電壓穩(wěn)定性仿真,驗證了數(shù)學(xué)模型和控制策略的有效性。
[Abstract]:Energy is the power of modern society and economic development, and the lifeline of human life. With the gradual depletion of traditional fossil energy, the energy crisis has gradually approached. China's energy industry in the 21st century will be a reformed new industry for the sustainable development of energy and resources utilization and environmental protection. Therefore, we should rationally adjust the energy structure, vigorously develop renewable energy and other new sources of energy, and take a diversified path of clean energy development. It is the only way to the sustainable development of our society. In this context, the distributed power supply has been developed vigorously, but the distributed power supply has the disadvantages of high access cost, difficult to control and so on. Moreover, when the large system is not working normally, the distributed power supply must be withdrawn from operation immediately. The efficiency of distributed power generation is greatly limited. Microgrid emerges as the times require. Microgrid is a new type of network structure. It is a group of system units composed of micro-power supply, load, energy storage system and control device. Most of the power sources in the microgrid are distributed generation, that is, small units with power electronic interfaces, including micro gas turbines, fuel cells, photovoltaic cells, wind turbines and energy storage devices such as super capacitors, flywheels and batteries, etc. They are connected to the user side, with low cost, low voltage and low pollution. The development and extension of microgrid can promote the large-scale access of distributed generation and renewable energy, and realize the high reliable supply of various forms of load energy. It is an effective way to realize active distribution network. The transition of traditional power grid to smart grid. In this paper, under the background of microgrid, the mathematical model and different operation and control strategies of microgrid system are analyzed, and then the corresponding simulation model is established to verify it. Firstly, the micro-grid is modeled. Based on the analysis of the basic principle and structure of doubly-fed wind turbine, the mathematical model of wind turbine, wind speed model, variable pitch control model and doubly-fed generator model are established. Based on the above mathematical model, the simulation model of doubly-fed wind power generation system is built in the power system simulation software PACAD. Then, the working principle, generation characteristics and mathematical model of photovoltaic cell, micro gas turbine and fuel cell are analyzed, and the simulation model is built in PSCAD. The mathematical model of supercapacitor, which is a common energy storage equipment, is established and verified. Then, based on the mathematical model of each subsystem of microgrid, the control strategy of micro-power supply is analyzed, which is divided into the following three control modes: constant power (P / Q) control. Voltage frequency (U / F) control and droop (Droop) control; Then, several control strategies of microgrid are given. According to the characteristics of micro-power supply in this paper, master-slave control is chosen as the overall control strategy of micro-grid. Based on the master-slave control strategy, the core control mode of micro-power supply is established, and the supercapacitor controller of the main control unit is improved to provide stable voltage and frequency support. Finally, according to the established mathematical model and control model, the whole simulation model of microgrid is established in PSCAD, and the operation and control of microgrid are simulated and analyzed, including the simulation of islanding and grid-connected mode switching. Frequency stability simulation and voltage stability simulation verify the effectiveness of the mathematical model and control strategy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM743

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