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面向V2G應(yīng)用的雙向充放電路及其控制策略的研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-02-17 10:34
【摘要】:隨著電動(dòng)汽車(Electric Vehicles, EVs)和智能電網(wǎng)(Smart Grid)應(yīng)用的不斷發(fā)展,一方面電動(dòng)汽車通過充電機(jī)從電網(wǎng)吸收有功為儲(chǔ)能電池充電(Grid to Vehicle, G2V),另一方面通過充電機(jī)將電池儲(chǔ)能送往電網(wǎng)(Vehicle to Grid, V2G),這種車-網(wǎng)互動(dòng)技術(shù)越來越受到廣泛重視。V2G技術(shù)將是未來智能電網(wǎng)建設(shè)與應(yīng)用的重要方向之一,而雙向充電機(jī)在實(shí)現(xiàn)電動(dòng)汽車與電網(wǎng)能量雙向傳輸?shù)倪^程中扮演著重要的角色。本文主要研究適用于V2G應(yīng)用的雙向充電機(jī)主電路及其控制的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。 本文選擇兩級(jí)式雙向電路拓?fù)洹凹?jí)采用單相雙向全橋變換器,后級(jí)采用雙有源橋變換器(Dual Active Bridge, DAB)—作為單相雙向充電機(jī)的主電路。針對(duì)后級(jí)DC/DC電路在高電壓變比應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合,提出一種并-串型雙有源橋的電路拓?fù)?Parallel-Serial Dual Active Bridge, PSDAB),具體實(shí)現(xiàn)方法是將兩路傳統(tǒng)DAB電路的低壓端并聯(lián),高壓端串聯(lián),并讓兩路DAB電路中對(duì)應(yīng)位置的開關(guān)管同時(shí)開通和關(guān)斷。因此文中提出的PSDAB電路可以采取和傳統(tǒng)DAB電路一樣的移相控制方法以實(shí)現(xiàn)軟開關(guān)。文中還對(duì)PSDAB電路進(jìn)行了損耗分析,并與傳統(tǒng)DAB電路的損耗作了比較,指出了本文所研究的PSDAB電路在高電壓變比的充電機(jī)中應(yīng)用時(shí)具有高效率。 針對(duì)充電機(jī)的V2G應(yīng)用,研究了雙向充電機(jī)充放電模式的控制策略,給出了雙閉環(huán)控制策略和控制參數(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)方法。并針對(duì)電池放電模式下的DAB啟動(dòng)過程,提出一種基于體二極管整流的直流母線建壓方法,這種啟動(dòng)方法可以避免直流母線建壓過程中出現(xiàn)的電感飽和現(xiàn)象,和因此帶來的電流沖擊。且本文研究的啟動(dòng)方法無需硬件開銷,只需通過數(shù)字控制即可實(shí)現(xiàn)。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)雙向充電機(jī)的應(yīng)急供電功能,論文還研究了并網(wǎng)和離網(wǎng)這兩種工作模式的切換控制,同時(shí)給出了一種數(shù)字鎖相環(huán)(Phase Lock Loop, PLL)的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。 論文為所研究的雙向充電機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)了主電路參數(shù)和控制系統(tǒng)。給出了雙有源橋電路中諧振電感的詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)過程和變壓器的設(shè)計(jì)方法,并選擇了開關(guān)器件;采用TI公司的數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器(Digital Signal Processor, DSP) TMS320F28035作為控制核心,實(shí)現(xiàn)了雙向充電機(jī)的全數(shù)字控制。 本文采用PSIM軟件對(duì)主電路及其控制策略進(jìn)行了仿真和分析,并在4.6KW的實(shí)驗(yàn)樣機(jī)上實(shí)驗(yàn),仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了主電路參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)的合理性和控制策略的可行性。驗(yàn)證了本文所提出的PSDAB適合用作高電壓變比的雙向充電機(jī)主電路,并獲得了高效率。這種電路能實(shí)現(xiàn)能量的雙向流動(dòng),并實(shí)現(xiàn)了雙向充電機(jī)并網(wǎng)和離網(wǎng)運(yùn)行模式的平滑切換,可作為應(yīng)急電源使用?梢娬撐牡难芯砍晒纱龠M(jìn)電動(dòng)汽車的V2G應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:With the development of electric vehicle (Electric Vehicles, EVs) and smart grid (Smart Grid) application, on the one hand, electric vehicle absorbs active power from power grid to charge energy storage battery (Grid to Vehicle, G2V. On the other hand, the battery energy storage is sent to (Vehicle to Grid, V2G (power grid). This kind of vehicle-network interaction technology has been paid more and more attention. V2G technology will be one of the important directions of smart grid construction and application in the future. The bidirectional charger plays an important role in the process of energy bidirectional transmission between electric vehicle and power grid. In this paper, the main circuit and control technology of bidirectional charging machine suitable for V2G application are studied. In this paper, the two-stage bi-directional circuit topology-front stage adopts single-phase bi-directional full-bridge converter, and the rear stage adopts dual-active bridge converter (Dual Active Bridge, DAB)-as the main circuit of single-phase bidirectional charger. In view of the application of DC/DC circuit in the application of high voltage ratio, a circuit topology of parallel-series-type dual active bridge is proposed. The realization method of Parallel-Serial Dual Active Bridge, PSDAB), is to connect the low-voltage end of two traditional DAB circuits in series, and the high-voltage end is connected in series. And let two DAB circuit corresponding position switch on and off at the same time. Therefore, the proposed PSDAB circuit can adopt the same phase shift control method as the traditional DAB circuit to realize soft switching. The loss of PSDAB circuit is also analyzed and compared with that of traditional DAB circuit. It is pointed out that the PSDAB circuit studied in this paper has high efficiency in the application of high voltage variable ratio charger. Aiming at the application of V2G, the control strategy of charging and discharging mode of bidirectional charger is studied, and the control strategy and the design method of control parameters are given. Aiming at the DAB start-up process in the battery discharge mode, a DC bus voltage building method based on the body diode rectifier is proposed, which can avoid the inductance saturation phenomenon in the DC bus voltage construction process. And the resulting current shock. The startup method studied in this paper does not require hardware overhead, but can be realized by digital control. In order to realize the emergency power supply function of bidirectional charger, the switching control of grid-connected and off-grid operation modes is also studied, and a digital phase-locked loop (Phase Lock Loop, PLL) implementation method is presented. The main circuit parameters and control system are designed for the studied bidirectional charger. The detailed design process of resonant inductance and the design method of transformer in dual active bridge circuit are given, and the switch device is selected. The digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP) TMS320F28035) of TI Company is used as the control core to realize the full digital control of the bidirectional charger. In this paper, the main circuit and its control strategy are simulated and analyzed by using PSIM software. The simulation and experimental results on the experimental prototype of 4.6KW verify the rationality of the design of the main circuit parameters and the feasibility of the control strategy. It is verified that the proposed PSDAB is suitable for the bidirectional charging main circuit with high voltage variation ratio and high efficiency. This circuit can realize bidirectional energy flow and smooth switching between grid-connected and off-grid operation mode of bidirectional charger. It can be used as emergency power supply. It can be seen that the research results of this paper can promote the V 2 G application of electric vehicles.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號(hào)】:TM910.6;U469.72

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