【摘要】：諧振接地系統(tǒng)永久性單相接地故障時,線電壓對稱,規(guī)程允許繼續(xù)運行1-2h,為防止因非故障相電壓升高、絕緣弱化而導(dǎo)致故障擴大,必須盡快準確檢出故障線路并切除；但此時故障電流微弱,故障暫態(tài)零序電流的頻譜特性、能量分布及衰減特性在線路結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)、互感器非線性特性、電磁干擾等因素影響下存在很大的差異,其選線問題長期以來未能得到很好解決。因此,有必要深入研究諧振接地系統(tǒng)單相接地故障選線。采用比故障穩(wěn)態(tài)量大幾倍甚至幾十倍的故障暫態(tài)量進行選線保護是近年來該領(lǐng)域的研究熱點。本文系統(tǒng)地概述了目前諧振接地系統(tǒng)的暫態(tài)量選線方法、暫態(tài)量選線研究現(xiàn)狀以及故障選線方法存在的問題。在深入分析諧振接地系統(tǒng)發(fā)生單相接地故障時,故障線路與非故障線路暫態(tài)零序電流波形存在差異性原因的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一種故障選線新方法—諧振接地系統(tǒng)單相接地暫態(tài)特征量聚類選線法,通過增加進線暫態(tài)零序電流的檢測解決母線故障選線問題。通過HHT帶通濾波構(gòu)造的時頻矩陣,完備地描述了信號在各個頻帶下的時頻特征,包含了表征信號本質(zhì)特征的局部化信息。對時頻矩陣做奇異值分解,由于奇異值是矩陣較為穩(wěn)定的代數(shù)特征,具有良好的魯棒性和泛化能力,能夠適應(yīng)諧振接地系統(tǒng)單相接地故障時各種復(fù)雜的情況；對各時頻矩陣奇異值做模糊C均值聚類可將故障線路和非故障線路分類,在無需設(shè)置閾值的情況下選出故障線路。本文詳細介紹了HHT數(shù)學(xué)理論、HHT帶通濾波方法、奇異值分解理論及模糊C均值聚類算法。用ATP-EMTP搭建10kV諧振接地系統(tǒng)仿真模型,對系統(tǒng)中各個模塊的建模做了詳細的說明并驗證模塊性能,更加準確地模擬諧振接地系統(tǒng)發(fā)生單相接地故障的狀態(tài),從而獲得接近真實故障情況的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)。對5種典型故障和其他故障情況包括電弧故障、噪聲干擾、不同過補償度、線路末端高阻接地、兩點接地故障、采樣不同步、短線路故障和不同線路數(shù)目等,做了大量的仿真實驗,選線結(jié)果表明本文故障選線算法適應(yīng)性好,選線準確可靠,具有一定的工程參考價值。
[Abstract]:In the case of permanent single-phase grounding fault of resonant grounding system, the line voltage is symmetrical, and the regulation allows to continue to run for 1-2h. in order to prevent the fault expansion caused by the increase of non-fault phase voltage and the weakening of insulation, the fault line must be accurately detected and excised as soon as possible. However, the frequency spectrum, energy distribution and attenuation characteristics of the transient zero-sequence current are different from each other under the influence of the circuit structure parameters, the nonlinear characteristics of the transformer and the electromagnetic interference, etc. The problem of route selection has not been solved well for a long time. Therefore, it is necessary to study the single-phase grounding fault line selection of resonant grounding system. In recent years, it is a research hotspot in this field to use fault transient quantity which is several times or even tens times larger than the steady state of the fault to detect the fault line protection. In this paper, the transient line selection method of resonant grounding system, the research status of transient line selection and the problems of fault line selection are systematically summarized. On the basis of deep analysis of the difference of transient zero-sequence current waveform between fault line and non-fault line when single-phase grounding fault occurs in resonant grounding system, the reason of the difference between the transient zero sequence current waveform of fault line and non-fault line is analyzed. In this paper, a new method of fault line selection, single phase earthing transient characteristic quantity clustering method, is proposed. The problem of bus fault line selection is solved by increasing the transient zero sequence current. The time-frequency matrix constructed by HHT bandpass filter is used to describe the time-frequency characteristics of the signal in every frequency band, and the localization information is included to characterize the essential characteristics of the signal. Because singular value is the stable algebraic characteristic of matrix, it has good robustness and generalization ability, and can adapt to various complicated cases of single-phase grounding fault of resonant grounding system. Fault lines and non-fault lines can be classified by fuzzy C-means clustering for singular values of time-frequency matrices, and fault lines can be selected without setting threshold. In this paper, HHT mathematical theory, HHT bandpass filtering method, singular value decomposition theory and fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm are introduced in detail. The simulation model of 10kV resonant grounding system is built by using ATP-EMTP. The modeling of each module in the system is explained in detail and the performance of the module is verified, and the state of single-phase grounding fault in resonant grounding system is more accurately simulated. Thus, the relevant data are obtained which are close to the real fault situation. For five kinds of typical faults and other faults, including arc fault, noise interference, different degree of overcompensation, high resistance earthing at the end of the line, two point grounding fault, sampling out of sync, short line fault and different number of lines, etc. A large number of simulation experiments have been done, and the results of line selection show that the fault line selection algorithm in this paper has good adaptability, accurate and reliable line selection, and has certain engineering reference value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM862

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