【摘要】：接地裝置是電力系統(tǒng)安全運行的基本保障,加強地網(wǎng)的安全建設也符合社會發(fā)展的需要。本文以酸性紅壤為研究環(huán)境,開展了接地材料在選材和防腐方面的研究,為酸性紅壤區(qū)接地網(wǎng)的改造提供理論和技術(shù)上的支持。在實驗方面,首先對多種接地材料(碳鋼、鍍鋅鋼、表面鈍化的鍍鋅鋼、鋅鋁合金涂層鋼、銅、銅覆鋼、炭黑導電涂層鋼以及碳聚合物導電涂層鋼)進行現(xiàn)場埋設實驗,從腐蝕電位、腐蝕形貌、腐蝕產(chǎn)物及腐蝕數(shù)據(jù)等方面分析接地材料的腐蝕機理及耐蝕性能。然后采用降阻劑(炭黑系降阻劑和膨潤土系降阻劑)和陰極保護法對常用接地材料進行防護研究,分析不同措施的防腐效果。此外還開展了陰極保護的工程技術(shù)試驗研究,分析犧牲陽極保護法和外加電流保護法的使用范圍和實際保護效果。實驗研究結(jié)果表明:在紅壤環(huán)境中,碳鋼腐蝕嚴重,腐蝕速率可達到6.9393g/dm2·a;鍍鋅鋼次之,腐蝕速率可達3.2575g/dm2·a,對碳鋼具有一定的保護作用,但鋅層太薄,壽命有限。鈍化鋅層和鋅鋁合金涂層都可以較好地改善鋅涂層的性能,延長涂層壽命,其中鋅鋁合金涂層效果最為顯著,腐蝕速率可降低至0.6333g/dm2·a。銅及銅覆鋼活性較低,耐蝕性很好。碳鋼以點蝕為主,但隨含水量的增加有向不均勻的全面腐蝕發(fā)展的趨勢。鋅及鋅合金涂層具有較好的陰極保護作用,以涂層的局部腐蝕為主,基體金屬不存在點蝕現(xiàn)象。兩種有機涂層材料(炭黑導電涂層和碳聚合物導電涂層)都具有很強的耐蝕性,但存在著涂層破損的問題,易造成嚴重點蝕,宜與陰極保護和涂覆鋅合金涂層等抗點蝕的防腐措施聯(lián)合使用。炭黑降阻劑電阻率很低,具有很好的降阻效果,但其腐蝕性受其自身和接地材料結(jié)構(gòu)影響很大。當其能夠與接地材料緊密結(jié)合時,可以隔離腐蝕介質(zhì)與接地體,減小腐蝕,但當結(jié)合松散時則會造成加速腐蝕。膨潤土降阻劑不但降阻效果良好,且腐蝕性很低,其包覆碳鋼的腐蝕速率可降至1.1950g/dm2·a,點蝕現(xiàn)象較輕。陰極保護法可較好地阻止點蝕的發(fā)生,尤其對于有機涂層材料。但保護電位不宜過負,以防止造成嚴重的陰極析氫現(xiàn)象。犧牲陽極的陰極保護法宜用于小型地網(wǎng)的防腐,保護度可達到約70%。外加電流陰極保護法可用于大型地網(wǎng)的防腐,實際保護度可達到80%。
[Abstract]:Grounding device is the basic guarantee for the safe operation of power system, and strengthening the safety construction of ground grid is also in line with the needs of social development. In this paper, the selection and anticorrosion of earthing materials in acidic red soil are studied in order to provide theoretical and technical support for the reconstruction of earthing grid in acidic red soil area. In the aspect of experiment, field experiments were carried out on a variety of grounding materials (carbon steel, galvanized steel, passivated galvanized steel, zinc-aluminum alloy coated steel, copper coated steel, carbon black conductive coating steel and carbon-polymer conductive coating steel). Corrosion mechanism and corrosion resistance of earthing materials are analyzed from corrosion potential, corrosion morphology, corrosion products and corrosion data. Then the common earthing materials were studied by using resistance reducing agent (carbon black series resistance reducing agent and bentonite series resistance reducing agent) and cathodic protection method, and the anticorrosive effect of different measures was analyzed. In addition, the engineering experiment of cathodic protection is carried out, and the scope of application and practical protection effect of sacrificial anode protection and applied current protection are analyzed. The experimental results show that carbon steel is corroded seriously in red soil environment, and the corrosion rate can reach 6.9393g/dm2 a; The corrosion rate of galvanized steel is up to 3.2575g/dm2 a, and it has some protective effect on carbon steel, but the zinc coating is too thin and its life is limited. Both passivated zinc coating and zinc aluminum alloy coating can improve the properties of zinc coating and prolong the coating life. The effect of zinc aluminum alloy coating is the most obvious, and the corrosion rate can be reduced to 0.6333g/dm2 a. Copper and copper coated steel have low activity and good corrosion resistance. Pitting corrosion is the main corrosion of carbon steel, but with the increase of water content, there is a trend of non-uniform overall corrosion. Zinc and zinc alloy coatings have good cathodic protection, the local corrosion of the coating is the main, and there is no pitting corrosion in the substrate metal. Two kinds of organic coating materials (carbon black conductive coating and carbon polymer conductive coating) have strong corrosion resistance, but there is the problem of coating damage, which is easy to cause serious pitting corrosion. It should be used in combination with cathodic protection and zinc alloy coating. Carbon black resistive reducer has low resistivity and good resistance reduction effect, but its corrosiveness is greatly affected by its own structure and grounding material structure. When it can be closely combined with the grounding material, it can isolate the corrosion medium from the earthing body and reduce the corrosion, but when the combination is loose, it will cause accelerated corrosion. Bentonite resistance reducing agent not only has good resistance reduction effect, but also has a low corrosion rate. The corrosion rate of carbon steel coated with bentonite can be reduced to 1.1950g/dm2 a, and the pitting corrosion is light. Cathodic protection can prevent pitting, especially for organic coating materials. However, the protective potential should not be too negative to prevent serious cathodic hydrogen evolution. The cathodic protection of sacrificial anode is suitable for anticorrosion of small earth net, and the protective degree can reach about 70. The applied current cathodic protection method can be used for anticorrosion of large earth net, and the actual protection degree can reach 80%.
【學位授予單位】：南昌航空大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM63;TM862

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