【摘要】：隨著車載用電設(shè)備數(shù)量的不斷增多以及設(shè)備精密度的不斷提高,其對(duì)車載電源的容量大小及電源品質(zhì)都提出了越來(lái)越高的要求。為了解決這一難題,同時(shí)不給本就相對(duì)狹窄的車輛空間增加額外負(fù)擔(dān),車輛“取力發(fā)電”技術(shù)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生�！叭×Πl(fā)電”顧名思義是通過(guò)從車輛發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)“取力”帶動(dòng)電源系統(tǒng)中發(fā)電機(jī)旋轉(zhuǎn)并產(chǎn)生電能,而車輛由于路況等原因,其發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速處于不斷變化的狀態(tài),因此為了得到頻率穩(wěn)定、品質(zhì)良好的車載三相交流供電電源,將變速恒頻技術(shù)運(yùn)用于車載電源是一種較為合適的方案。本文基于此提出了一種異步電機(jī)變速恒頻車載取力發(fā)電系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)要求滿足原動(dòng)機(jī)變轉(zhuǎn)速且負(fù)載情況較復(fù)雜時(shí)能夠輸出穩(wěn)定的三相交流電。系統(tǒng)中發(fā)電機(jī)選擇結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、成本低且可靠性高的籠型異步發(fā)電機(jī),主電路拓?fù)洳捎帽晨勘呈阶儞Q器,同時(shí)變換器的直流母線電容采用分裂式電容。一方面背靠背變換器的前級(jí)配合異步發(fā)電機(jī)構(gòu)成異步電機(jī)可控整流發(fā)電系統(tǒng),另一方面背靠背變換器的后級(jí)配合母線分裂電容及輸出濾波器構(gòu)成分裂電容式三相四線制逆變系統(tǒng)。兩個(gè)子系統(tǒng)的級(jí)聯(lián)從而構(gòu)成了本文的變速恒頻獨(dú)立電源系統(tǒng)。本文在進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)控制策略的設(shè)計(jì)時(shí),首先“化整為零”,由于直流母線電容的存在實(shí)現(xiàn)了背靠背變換器前后級(jí)的解耦,因而可將系統(tǒng)看做兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的子系統(tǒng),分別設(shè)計(jì)異步電機(jī)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)及分裂電容式三相四線制逆變系統(tǒng)的控制策略。異步電機(jī)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)采用轉(zhuǎn)差頻率控制策略,該控制策略無(wú)需進(jìn)行坐標(biāo)變換且適合電機(jī)寬轉(zhuǎn)速運(yùn)行。針對(duì)分裂電容式三相四線制逆變系統(tǒng)的拓?fù)涮攸c(diǎn),分別從改變電壓控制器形式以及改變給定電壓形式兩個(gè)角度出發(fā),各提出一種可實(shí)現(xiàn)每相電壓獨(dú)立控制的控制策略,即電壓外環(huán)比例諧振(PR)調(diào)節(jié)的雙環(huán)控制策略以及基于虛擬dq變換的雙環(huán)比例積分(PI)控制策略,這兩種控制策略均能實(shí)現(xiàn)逆變系統(tǒng)帶不平衡負(fù)載的正常工作。本文隨后“合零為整”,從“功率平衡”的角度出發(fā),提出將后級(jí)逆變器的負(fù)載功率作為前饋加入到前級(jí)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的控制環(huán)路中,從而提升系統(tǒng)整體性能。為了驗(yàn)證方案的可行性,本文首先搭建了基于Plecs的仿真平臺(tái),從理論上證明了方案的正確性;隨后又搭建一臺(tái)30k W實(shí)驗(yàn)樣機(jī),并進(jìn)行了發(fā)電機(jī)變轉(zhuǎn)速、不平衡負(fù)載等多種情況下的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果證明系統(tǒng)具有良好的動(dòng)靜態(tài)特性。本文的諸多研究成果表明異步電機(jī)變速恒頻車載取力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)是一種能夠運(yùn)用于車載供電電源的高性能方案,具有良好的發(fā)展與應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:With the increasing of the number of on-board electric equipment and the improvement of the precision of the equipment, the capacity and quality of the on-board power supply are required more and more. In order to solve this problem and not add extra burden to the relatively narrow vehicle space, the technology of "power generation" emerges as the times require. As the name implies, "power generation" drives the generator to rotate and generate electric energy in the power supply system from the vehicle engine, and the engine speed of the vehicle is in a constantly changing state because of the road conditions and other reasons. Therefore, in order to obtain the stable frequency and good quality three-phase AC power supply, it is a more suitable scheme to apply the variable speed constant frequency technology to the on-board power supply. In this paper, a variable speed constant frequency on-board power generation system of asynchronous motor is proposed. The system can output stable three-phase AC power when the load is complex and the speed of the prime mover is variable. In the system, the generator has simple structure, low cost and high reliability. The main circuit topology adopts back-to-back converter, and the DC busbar capacitor of the converter adopts split capacitor. On the one hand, the front stage of the back-to-back converter and the asynchronous generator constitute the controllable rectifier generation system of the asynchronous motor. On the other hand, the back to back converter with busbar split capacitor and output filter constitute split capacitive three-phase four-wire inverter system. The cascade of the two subsystems constitutes the variable speed constant frequency independent power supply system in this paper. In this paper, when designing the control strategy of the system, first of all, the system is divided into pieces. Because the DC busbar capacitance realizes the decoupling between the front and back stage of the back-to-back converter, the system can be regarded as two independent subsystems. The control strategies of induction motor generation system and split capacitance three phase four wire inverter system are designed respectively. The frequency slip control strategy is adopted in asynchronous motor power generation system. The control strategy does not need coordinate transformation and is suitable for running at wide speed. According to the topological characteristics of split capacitive three-phase four-wire inverter system, a control strategy which can realize the independent control of each phase voltage is proposed from the angle of changing the voltage controller form and changing the given voltage form respectively. The double loop control strategy of proportional resonance (PR) regulation of voltage outer loop and the double loop proportional integral (PI) control strategy based on virtual dq transform can realize the normal operation of inverter system with unbalanced load. From the point of view of "power balance", this paper puts forward that the load power of the rear stage inverter is added to the control loop of the former generation system as feedforward, so as to improve the overall performance of the system. In order to verify the feasibility of the scheme, a simulation platform based on Plecs is set up in this paper, and the correctness of the scheme is proved theoretically. Then a 30kW experimental prototype was built, and the experimental research was carried out under various conditions, such as variable rotational speed and unbalanced load, etc. The experimental results show that the system has good dynamic and static characteristics. Many research results in this paper show that the induction motor variable-speed constant frequency on-board power generation system is a high performance scheme which can be applied to the on-board power supply and has a good prospect of development and application.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TM61;TM343

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