【摘要】：氫鎳電池目前已在空間飛行器上得到廣泛應(yīng)用。與鋰離子電池相比,氫鎳電池具有高可靠、長壽命和成熟的飛行經(jīng)驗等特性,在未來低軌道大功率空間飛行器上仍有較大的應(yīng)用需求。本文基于大容量長壽命氫鎳電池的主要技術(shù)難點開展研究工作。有針對性的開展了高強度鎳基板的研究,耐高壓薄壁壓力容器的安全性設(shè)計與驗證,單體電池自放電、壓力、容量等特性研究工作。針對低軌道(LEO)航天器對氫鎳電池耐高倍率充放電和循環(huán)壽命長的特殊要求,采用濕法燒結(jié)工藝,通過骨架預(yù)涂覆工藝提高了基板中鎳粉燒結(jié)層和鎳基體的結(jié)合強度;通過在鎳漿中添加適量T210鎳粉,增強了導(dǎo)電性,提高了基板的強度和綜合性能;改進了氫鎳電池結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計,采取半橢球體設(shè)計,縮短了電液回流途徑、減輕了電池殼體重量、縮短了散熱途徑,因而提高了電池的性能。針對低軌道應(yīng)用特點對電池各部件進行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計,研制出了100Ah氫鎳電池。電池經(jīng)過測試,實際容量達(dá)到115.6Ah,比能量達(dá)到58.5Wh/kg,壽命經(jīng)過預(yù)測可以達(dá)到6年壽命要求。本文對電池電壓、容量、自放電、壓力與溫度的特性進行了研究,結(jié)果表明氫鎳電池最佳工作溫度范圍為-10℃~+15℃。在0℃時放電容量最大;充電終止電壓與溫度負(fù)相關(guān);C/2放電平臺電壓在15℃最高;充電終止壓力在10℃最大;自放電率與溫度呈非線性正相關(guān),溫度越高,自放電率增加幅度越大。并得出了電池的特性規(guī)律曲線和公式,可以用來指導(dǎo)電池的使用與管理。
[Abstract]:Nickel hydrogen batteries have been widely used in space vehicles. Compared with lithium ion batteries, nickel hydride batteries have high reliability, long life and mature flight experience. This paper is based on the main technical difficulties of large capacity long-life nickel hydride batteries. The research on high strength nickel substrate, safety design and verification of high pressure thin wall pressure vessel, self-discharge, pressure and capacity of single cell were carried out. Aiming at the special requirement of high rate charge and discharge resistance and long cycle life of low orbit (LEO) spacecraft, wet sintering process was adopted to improve the bonding strength of nickel powder sintering layer and nickel substrate in substrate by skeleton precoating process. By adding appropriate amount of T210 nickel powder to the nickel paste, the electrical conductivity was enhanced, and the strength and comprehensive properties of the substrate were improved. The structure design of Ni-MH battery is improved and the semi-ellipsoidal design is adopted to shorten the electro-hydraulic reflux path, reduce the weight of the battery shell and shorten the heat dissipation path, thus improving the performance of the battery. According to the characteristics of low track application, the optimum design of each component of battery is carried out, and the nickel hydrogen battery of 100Ah is developed. After testing, the actual capacity of the battery reached 115.6 Ahs, the specific energy reached 58.5 Wh. / kg, and the life of the battery was predicted to meet the requirement of 6 years. The characteristics of battery voltage, capacity, self-discharge, pressure and temperature are studied in this paper. The results show that the optimum operating temperature range of Ni-MH battery is -10 鈩，

本文編號：2399617