【摘要】：隨著煤、石油等傳統(tǒng)能源的短缺和環(huán)境污染的加劇，新型清潔能源逐漸受到人們的重視，其中最受矚目的是太陽能。太陽能電池是直接將光能轉(zhuǎn)換為電能的裝置，其轉(zhuǎn)換過程中污染很小。目前在太陽能電池中，晶體硅太陽能電池以其技術成熟、光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率高等優(yōu)點而被廣泛應用。在晶體硅太陽能電池中，導電銀漿廣泛用于正極材料中，但是隨著銀的價格不斷上漲，導電銀漿的成本也不斷上升，因此一些賤金屬材料被開發(fā)出來用于導電漿料。在賤金屬中，銅的導電性幾乎與銀相當，也沒有Ag+遷移的缺陷，而且價格遠遠低于銀，這使得銅成為一種較為理想的材料，導電銅漿也成為一種有前景的漿料。因此對于晶體硅太陽能電池用導電銅漿的研究具有重要意義。 本論文采用混合研磨法將銅粉、PbO-B2O3系含鉛玻璃粉和有機載體制備成導電銅漿，并優(yōu)化了組成配比和燒結(jié)工藝。對含鉛玻璃粉和有機載體進行了研究，對導電銅漿的電性能、穩(wěn)定性和可靠性進行了研究，將導電銅漿應用在太陽能電池正極上，并制成太陽能電池片，用I-V測試儀對其進行性能測試。 選用PbO、B2O3、SiO2、Al2O3、ZnO、ZrO2和P2O5作為玻璃原料，采用高溫熔融水淬法制備了以PbO-B2O3為基本體系的含鉛玻璃粉，并通過以下測試手段對其進行表征。采用X射線衍射法（XRD）對含鉛玻璃粉進行測試和表征，結(jié)果表明在2θ為20°～35°范圍內(nèi)均有較明顯的饅頭峰出現(xiàn)，而無尖銳狹窄的晶態(tài)峰，說明具有典型的非晶態(tài)結(jié)構，成玻性能良好。采用掃描電子顯微鏡（SEM）對含鉛玻璃粉進行測試和表征，結(jié)果表明形貌呈片狀和球狀，粒徑細小，分布均勻。采用熱分析儀對含鉛玻璃粉進行差熱（DTA）分析，結(jié)果表明其軟化溫度約為523℃，符合低熔點無機粘結(jié)劑標準。采用行星式球磨機對含鉛玻璃粉進行球磨，結(jié)果表明當球磨5h時，玻璃粉大小均勻，平均粒徑在1～2μm左右。 采用恒溫失重法研究了在60℃～180℃范圍內(nèi)常用有機溶劑的揮發(fā)特性，確定了有機載體溶劑的組成為松油醇、檸檬酸三丁酯、二乙二醇丁醚、二乙二醇丁醚醋酸酯。為了提高銅漿的粘度，避免粉體顆粒凝聚、沉淀和結(jié)塊，并使銅漿具有一定的流變性，加入增稠劑乙基纖維素。采用熱分析儀對乙基纖維素和有機載體進行熱重（TG）分析，，結(jié)果表明乙基纖維素在350～375℃范圍揮發(fā)，有機載體在150～200℃范圍揮發(fā)。為了在燒結(jié)過程中減少有機載體的殘留量，銅漿在這兩個溫度范圍內(nèi)保溫。采用紅外光譜法（FTIR）對有機載體進行測試和表征，結(jié)果表明有機載體與國內(nèi)外有機載體譜圖有相似的吸收峰，有機載體的組成可以滿足太陽能電池用銅漿的要求。采用靜置法對有機載體和玻璃粉的相容性進行了測試，結(jié)果表明當乙基纖維素含量為6%時未出現(xiàn)明顯的分層現(xiàn)象，有機載體與玻璃粉相容性最好。 將含鉛玻璃粉、銅粉和有機載體混合配制成導電銅漿，在550℃真空燒結(jié)后采用四探針測試儀測量燒結(jié)銅膜的電阻率。對導電銅漿的成分配比進行了探索，結(jié)果表明，當銅漿料的組分及其含量為銅粉（75%）、含鉛玻璃粉（5%）、有機載體（20%）時，銅漿料的導電率最小。對導電銅漿的燒結(jié)工藝進行了探討，結(jié)果表明，當燒結(jié)溫度為550℃，保溫時間為20min時，銅膜的性能最佳。在常溫和高溫條件下對導電銅漿進行穩(wěn)定性研究，在恒濕恒溫條件下對其進行加速失效測試，其電阻的增幅均較小，表明該導電銅漿具有良好的穩(wěn)定性和可靠性。 將含鉛導電銅漿應用于太陽能電池正極材料中，并制備太陽能電池片，用I-V測試儀進行性能測試。結(jié)果表明，電池片的效率為1.43%。
[Abstract]:With the shortage of traditional energy such as coal and oil and the intensification of environmental pollution, the new type of clean energy is paid more and more attention, among which the most important is the solar energy. The solar cell is a device for converting the light energy directly into electric energy, and the pollution is small in the conversion process. At present, in the solar cell, the crystalline silicon solar cell is widely used in the advantages of mature technology, high photoelectric conversion efficiency and the like. In crystalline silicon solar cells, the conductive silver paste is widely used in the positive electrode material, but as the price of silver is increasing, the cost of the conductive silver paste is also increasing, so some base metal materials are developed for conductive paste. In base metals, the conductivity of copper is almost equivalent to that of silver, and there is no defect of Ag + migration, and the price is much lower than that of silver, which makes copper an ideal material, and the conductive copper paste also becomes a promising slurry. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the conductive copper paste for crystalline silicon solar cell. In this paper, copper powder, PbO-B2O3, lead-containing glass powder and organic carrier are prepared into conductive copper paste by a mixed grinding method, and the composition ratio and the sintering process are optimized. The electric properties, stability and reliability of the conductive copper paste were studied. The conductive copper paste was applied to the positive electrode of the solar cell, and the solar cell was made. The performance of the solar cell was measured by the I-V tester. The lead-containing glass powder is prepared by using PbO, B2O3, SiO2, Al2O3, ZnO, ZrO2 and P2O5 as the glass raw materials, and the lead-containing glass powder with the basic system of PbO-B2O3 is prepared by adopting a high-temperature molten water quenching method, and the lead-containing glass powder is prepared by the following test means The test and characterization of lead-containing glass powder were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that there were more obvious peaks of steamed bread in the range of 20 擄 ~ 35 擄, without sharp and narrow crystalline peaks. The lead-containing glass powder was tested and characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the morphology was in the form of sheet and spherical, with fine particle size and small particle size. The results show that the softening temperature is 523 鈩

本文編號：2397095