發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-30 18:34

【摘要】：無刷直流電機(jī)具有運(yùn)行效率高、調(diào)速性能好、控制簡(jiǎn)單、可靠性高等諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn),不僅被廣泛應(yīng)用于醫(yī)療、信息、家電、工業(yè)自動(dòng)化等常規(guī)領(lǐng)域,更是在諸如航空航天、油田探測(cè)、車載系統(tǒng)等高溫極端環(huán)境中得到了充分的使用。由于在高溫環(huán)境中,位置傳感器無法正常工作,電機(jī)需要以無傳感器方式運(yùn)行,因此對(duì)無傳感器位置檢測(cè)方法的研究具有重要意義。同時(shí),寬范圍溫度變化導(dǎo)致電機(jī)參數(shù)發(fā)生改變,從而使基于常溫參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)的傳統(tǒng)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)性能變差,因此需要同時(shí)對(duì)變參數(shù)系統(tǒng)控制方法進(jìn)行研究。本文從上述兩點(diǎn)出發(fā),對(duì)高溫環(huán)境無刷直流電機(jī)無傳感器調(diào)速系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行深入研究。本文在詳細(xì)分析無刷直流電機(jī)的基本組成、電機(jī)換相原理及過程、反電勢(shì)過零檢測(cè)法原理及其實(shí)現(xiàn)方法的基礎(chǔ)上,首先建立了計(jì)及溫度參數(shù)的電機(jī)數(shù)學(xué)模型,進(jìn)而提出無刷直流電機(jī)無傳感器調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的調(diào)速方案。然后,本文深入研究了寬范圍溫度變化對(duì)電機(jī)參數(shù)以及模型的影響,并在此基礎(chǔ)上分析了溫度變化對(duì)開環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)機(jī)械特性、動(dòng)態(tài)特性的影響,以及溫度變化對(duì)傳統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)速電流雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)電流環(huán)和轉(zhuǎn)速環(huán)的影響。本文采用模糊PID控制器作為轉(zhuǎn)速控制器,電流控制器沿用傳統(tǒng)PI調(diào)節(jié)器的控制方法,并基于Matlab對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)速模糊PID控制器進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。然后,本文在Matlab/Simulink中搭建了考慮溫度的無刷直流電機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)仿真模型,并對(duì)高溫環(huán)境下的電機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行仿真分析,得到了電機(jī)在不同轉(zhuǎn)速指令下的啟動(dòng)及平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行工作波形、突加負(fù)載時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)速調(diào)整曲線,同時(shí)通過階躍響應(yīng)對(duì)比了模糊PID控制器與傳統(tǒng)PI調(diào)節(jié)器的性能差異,分析了模糊PID控制器的控制作用。仿真結(jié)果表明系統(tǒng)具有良好的靜態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)性能,對(duì)參數(shù)變化及負(fù)載擾動(dòng)均有較強(qiáng)的適應(yīng)能力,控制效果良好。最后,本文以TI公司的TMS320F28035為核心設(shè)計(jì)并制作無刷直流電機(jī)無傳感器調(diào)速系統(tǒng)硬件電路,編寫電機(jī)控制程序完成數(shù)字控制,并將電機(jī)置于烘箱中進(jìn)行高溫實(shí)驗(yàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)證明原理及方案正確可行,系統(tǒng)能夠正常工作。
[Abstract]:Brushless DC motor (BLDCM) has many advantages such as high operating efficiency, good speed regulation, simple control, high reliability and so on. It is not only widely used in medical treatment, information, household appliances, industrial automation and other conventional fields, but also in such conventional fields as aviation and spaceflight. Oil field detection, vehicle system and other high temperature extreme environment has been fully used. Because the position sensor can not work normally in the high temperature environment, the motor needs to operate in a sensorless manner, so the research of the sensorless position detection method is of great significance. At the same time, the wide range temperature change leads to the change of motor parameters, which makes the performance of the traditional speed regulating system based on the normal temperature parameter design worse, so it is necessary to study the control method of the variable parameter system at the same time. Based on the above two points, the sensorless speed control system of brushless DC motor in high temperature environment is studied in this paper. Based on the detailed analysis of the basic composition of brushless DC motor, the commutation principle and process of the motor, the principle and realization method of the reverse EMF zero crossing detection method, the mathematical model of the brushless DC motor considering the temperature parameters is established in this paper. Furthermore, the speed regulation scheme of sensorless speed regulation system of brushless DC motor is put forward. Then, the influence of wide range temperature change on motor parameters and model is studied, and the influence of temperature change on mechanical and dynamic characteristics of open-loop speed regulating system is analyzed. And the influence of temperature change on the current loop and speed loop of the traditional speed and current double closed loop speed regulation system. In this paper, the fuzzy PID controller is used as the speed controller, the current controller adopts the control method of the traditional PI regulator, and the fuzzy PID controller is designed based on Matlab. Then, the simulation model of brushless DC motor speed regulation system considering temperature is built in Matlab/Simulink, and the simulation analysis of motor speed regulation system under high temperature environment is carried out. The operating waveform of the motor under different speed instructions and the speed adjustment curve of the motor under sudden loading are obtained. At the same time, the performance difference between the fuzzy PID controller and the traditional PI controller is compared by step response. The control function of fuzzy PID controller is analyzed. The simulation results show that the system has good static and dynamic performance, strong adaptability to parameter change and load disturbance, and good control effect. Finally, the hardware circuit of sensorless speed regulation system of brushless DC motor is designed and fabricated with TMS320F28035 of TI company, and the control program of motor is written to complete the digital control, and the motor is placed in the oven for high temperature experiment. The experiment proves that the principle and scheme are correct and feasible, and the system can work normally.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TM33

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本文編號(hào)：2395973