【摘要】：鹽差能是指海水和淡水之間或兩種含鹽度不同的海水之間存在的化學(xué)電位差能，，是以化學(xué)形態(tài)存在的海洋能。鹽差能主要存在于河海交接處，淡水豐富地區(qū)的鹽湖和地下鹽礦。 據(jù)統(tǒng)計，全球可供利用的鹽差能理論發(fā)電功率可達(dá)2.6TW，我國可供利用的有0.1TW。其中，我國沿海地區(qū)鹽差能資源蘊藏量約為3.91015kJ，長江口及以南大江河口沿海的資源量占全國總量的92.5％，理論發(fā)電功率為0.861011kW。 目前，常用的鹽差能發(fā)電技術(shù)有三種：滲透壓法、蒸汽壓法和反電滲析法。滲透壓能法利用淡水與鹽水之間存在的滲透壓力推動水輪機旋轉(zhuǎn)進行發(fā)電；反電滲析法使用離子交換膜將濃、淡鹽水隔開，利用陰陽離子的定向流動產(chǎn)生電流；蒸汽壓能法利用淡水與鹽水之間存在的蒸汽壓差，推動風(fēng)扇旋轉(zhuǎn)進行發(fā)電。 本文利用淡水和濃鹽水作為鹽差能發(fā)電原材料，從節(jié)約淡水資源和環(huán)境保護等角度綜合考慮，采用滲透壓法進行了鹽差能發(fā)電技術(shù)研究。具體研究內(nèi)容如下： 第一，鹽差能發(fā)電技術(shù)介紹，包括目前所采用的鹽差能發(fā)電技術(shù)、我國鹽差能資源的儲備、分布情況和國內(nèi)外鹽差能發(fā)電技術(shù)研究的歷史與現(xiàn)狀。 第二，介紹實驗室前期進行的鹽差能發(fā)電原理模型實驗研究，驗證了滲透壓法鹽差能發(fā)電技術(shù)的可行性。通過分析實驗結(jié)果，探究了實驗中淡水滲入理論值與實驗值存在誤差的原因。 第三，進行了鹽差能發(fā)電技術(shù)中正滲透膜組件的研究，包括正滲透膜材料的選取和膜組件形式的設(shè)計。 第四，結(jié)合實驗室承擔(dān)的項目要求，進行滲透壓法鹽差能發(fā)電技術(shù)研究。在確定鹽差能實驗樣機設(shè)計的思路的基礎(chǔ)上，進行了鹽差能發(fā)電樣機實驗樣機的整體設(shè)計、零部件的選用和進出水管路的設(shè)計和管路壓力損失的計算。 最后，在三維軟件中進行了實驗室鹽差能發(fā)電樣機的建模和組裝，為后續(xù)鹽差能發(fā)電實驗樣機的制作奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Salt difference energy refers to the chemical potential difference energy between seawater and fresh water or between two kinds of seawater with different salinity. Salt energy mainly exists at the junction of rivers and seas, salt lakes and underground salt mines in freshwater rich areas. According to statistics, the theoretical power of salt difference energy can reach 2.6 TW in the world, and 0.1 TW is available in China. Among them, the reserves of salt difference energy resources in the coastal areas of China are about 3.91015kJ, the resources in the Yangtze Estuary and the south of the Dajiang Estuary account for 92.5% of the total national total, and the theoretical power of generating electricity is 0.861011kW. At present, there are three common technologies of salt differential energy generation: osmotic pressure method, steam pressure method and reverse electrodialysis method. The osmotic pressure energy method uses the osmotic pressure between fresh water and brine to promote the turbine rotation to generate electricity, the reverse electrodialysis method uses ion exchange membrane to separate concentrated and light brine, and the directional flow of anion and anion produces current. Steam pressure energy method uses steam pressure difference between fresh water and brine to drive fan rotation to generate electricity. In this paper, fresh water and concentrated brine are used as raw materials for salt differential energy generation. Considering the conservation of fresh water resources and environmental protection, the technology of salt differential energy generation is studied by osmotic pressure method. The specific research contents are as follows: first, the introduction of salt differential energy generation technology, including the salt differential energy generation technology, the storage and distribution of salt differential energy resources in China and the history and present situation of salt differential energy generation technology at home and abroad. Secondly, this paper introduces the experimental research on the principle of salt differential energy generation in the early stage of laboratory, and verifies the feasibility of osmotic pressure salt differential energy generation technology. By analyzing the experimental results, the reasons for the errors between the theoretical values of fresh water infiltration and the experimental values are explored. Thirdly, the research of normal osmotic membrane module in salt differential energy generation technology is carried out, including the selection of membrane material and the design of membrane module form. Fourth, combined with the laboratory project requirements, the osmotic salt differential energy generation technology research. On the basis of determining the design idea of the experimental prototype of salt difference energy, the whole design of the prototype, the selection of components, the design of the inlet and outlet pipes and the calculation of the pressure loss of the pipeline are carried out. Finally, the modeling and assembly of the prototype of salt-differential power generation in laboratory is carried out in the three-dimensional software, which lays a foundation for the manufacture of the experimental prototype of salt-differential power generation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM61

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號：2395697