發(fā)布時間：2018-12-23 12:35

【摘要】：光伏發(fā)電技術(shù)憑借其獨特的優(yōu)勢成為了當今發(fā)展最快且最有發(fā)展前景的新能源技術(shù)之一。太陽能電池作為光伏發(fā)電技術(shù)的核心，面臨兩個發(fā)展瓶頸：成本高和效率低。表面微結(jié)構(gòu)具有獨特的輻射特性，其可用作太陽能電池陷光結(jié)構(gòu)，來提高光伏發(fā)電的效率。本文主要研究了一維和二維晶體硅光柵作為太陽能電池吸收表面的光譜輻射特性和方向輻射特性。 本文利用嚴格耦合波分析法(RCWA)研究了結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對一維簡單光柵吸收率的影響，發(fā)現(xiàn)一維簡單硅光柵存在吸收峰值較窄且對角度依賴較大的劣勢。為解決此問題，提出了兩種一維復(fù)雜凹形光柵結(jié)構(gòu)。利用RCWA法對一維復(fù)雜凹形光柵的輻射特性進行研究，并采用田口法進行結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化。結(jié)果表明：在橫磁波（TM波）入射時，，一維復(fù)雜凹形光柵能充分利用異常輻射現(xiàn)象對光譜吸收率進行調(diào)控，其吸收峰值較寬且對角度依賴性不大；但在橫電波（TE波）入射時，一維復(fù)雜光柵的吸收率較不理想。 為解決一維光柵在TE波入射下吸收率較低的問題，提出了一種二維復(fù)雜凸形光柵結(jié)構(gòu)和兩種二維復(fù)雜凹形光柵結(jié)構(gòu)。利用時域有限差分法(FDTD)對上述三種二維復(fù)雜光柵的輻射特性進行研究，并采用田口法進行結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：上述三種二維復(fù)雜光柵在橫磁波和橫電波入射時都能得到較優(yōu)的吸收特性，并且其對角度的依賴特性很好。所以，本文提出的光柵結(jié)構(gòu)可以用作太陽能電池陷光結(jié)構(gòu)，能夠提高太陽能電池對入射光的吸收效率。
[Abstract]:Photovoltaic power generation technology has become one of the fastest developing and most promising new energy technologies with its unique advantages. As the core of photovoltaic technology, solar cells face two bottlenecks: high cost and low efficiency. Surface microstructures have unique radiation characteristics and can be used as trapping structure of solar cells to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. In this paper, the spectral radiation characteristics and directional radiation characteristics of one-dimensional and two-dimensional crystal silicon gratings as absorbing surfaces of solar cells are studied. In this paper, the influence of structural parameters on the absorptivity of one-dimensional simple grating is studied by using (RCWA) method. It is found that the absorption peak of one-dimensional simple silicon grating is narrow and its angle dependence is larger. To solve this problem, two kinds of one-dimensional complex concave grating structures are proposed. The radiation characteristics of one dimensional complex concave grating are studied by RCWA method, and the structure is optimized by Taguchi method. The results show that when the transverse magnetic wave (TM) is incident, one dimensional complex concave grating can make full use of anomalous radiation to regulate the absorption rate of the spectrum, and its absorption peak is wider and less dependent on the angle. However, the absorptivity of one dimensional complex grating is not ideal when the transverse wave (TE wave) is incident. In order to solve the problem of low absorptivity of one-dimensional grating under the incidence of TE wave, a two-dimensional complex convex grating structure and two two-dimensional complex concave grating structures are proposed. The radiation characteristics of the three kinds of complex gratings mentioned above are studied by using the finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD), and the Taguchi method is used to optimize the structure. It is found that the three kinds of two-dimensional complex gratings can obtain better absorption characteristics under transverse magnetic wave and transverse wave incidence, and their angular dependence is very good. Therefore, the grating structure proposed in this paper can be used as the solar cell trapping structure, which can improve the absorption efficiency of the solar cells to incident light.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM914.4

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